evolution and speciation and diversity of organisms - link Flashcards
define the theory of natural selection
organisms possessing advantageous traits for their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing those traits on to subsequent generations, while less adapted individuals are less likely to survive and reproduce. Over time, this process leads to the gradual adaptation of populations to their environment, driving evolutionary change.
what is selective breeding
humans intentionally breed organisms with desired traits to produce offspring with those traits.
what are the three concepts that show evidence for E
- sequence data - dna, rna, genome look at those. molecular phylogeny - comparing those sequences, rna, dan, etc and linking back to common ancestors.
- selective breeding - humans deciding - favorable traits. leads to evidence for evolution as good traits have been selected so it links to natural selection.
- homologous structures - same/similar structures. link back to close relations between species
define molecular phylogeny
the technology for studying evolutionary relationships of different organisms. organisms which are closely related have/will have minor diff in their dna and their organisms. organisms that r distant. related will accumulate a greater number of diff in their dna.
ur literally just comparing the base sequences and tracking it back down to see if they have common ancestors or not.
divergent evolution comes from??
homologous structures
- basically its saying that u got two organisms/species that have same structures but they are exposed to diff envio conditions so those structures r used for diff functions.
convergent evolution comes from??
analogus structuren - don’t look same cuz aren’t closely related, bas have similar functions cuz r exposed to similar/same envio conditions.
why isn’t convergent evolution from analogues structures used as evidence for evolution
cuz u cant track it back down to one common ancestor/relative, cuz their structures look diff - morphological species concept hellooo!!!
u alr know that they r distantly related.
what does it mean by “reproductive compatibility defines species”
similar o’s mate to produce viable futile offspring naa so they r considered memb’s of same species.
while individuals from different species cannot produce viable or fertile offspring when they do it.
how can speciation occur
- and this is a big one - geographical barriers caused by nature, humans.
due to geo b’s species may behave diff and not wanna do it together. - changes to dna sequences - molecular phylogeny
- changes to the number of chomosomes.
define differential reproduction
means that some individuals have more babies because of their traits.
* variation in the reproductive success of individuals within a population due to differences in traits or characteristics.
define differential selection
process by which certain traits or characteristics of individuals within a population lead to differences in their likelihood of surviving and reproducin
what is the difference between differential S and natural S
Differential Selection: Some individuals in a group have more babies because of their traits, like being faster or having better camouflage.
Natural Selection: When animals with helpful traits, like strong legs or good eyesight, survive and have babies, making more of those helpful traits in the group.
define species
group of organisms with shapred morphological traits that can interbreed to produce viable fertile offspring.
bio s concept
defines the diversity of organisms based on
its the classification of o’s into species based on ability 2 produce viable fertile offspring
viable = functioning good, capable of working, not autistic.
morph s concept
defines the diversity of organisms based on physical characteristics
its the classification of o’s into species based on physical traits/characteristics.
