Evolution and Origin of Biodiversity

Question 1

is the slow and steady progression that takes place when the genetic composition of a population changes over successive generations

Answer 1

Evolution

Question 2

Proposed that the bodies of organisms were developed and modified through the use or disuse of certain parts based on the need of an organism

Answer 2

LAMARCKISM

Question 3

His theory was based on the inheritance of acquired characteristics

Answer 3

LAMARCKISM

Question 4

Who proposed the theory was based on the inheritance of acquired characteristics

Answer 4

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck

Question 5

He concluded that new species are formed over slow and gradual changesfrom pre-existing ones

Answer 5

Charles Darwin

Question 6

He theorized that these changes are caused by Natural Selection

Answer 6

DARWINISM

Question 7

Darwin then also published his historical

Answer 7

“Origin of Species by means of Natural Selection” in 1859

Question 8

is the “calendar” for events in Earth’s history

Answer 8

Geologic Time Scale

Question 9

It subdivides all time into named units of abstract time called—in descending order of duration

Answer 9

eons,eras, periods, epochs, and ages

Question 10

hundred of millions of years

Answer 10

Eons

Question 11

Eons are divided into

Answer 11

Era

Question 12

Eras are further subdivided into

Answer 12

periods

Question 13

are subdivisions of the time scale that are shorter than eras

Answer 13

epochs

Question 14

Four key mechanisms that allow a population to exhibit a change in allele frequency from one generation to the next

Answer 14

1.Mutation
2.Genetic Drift
3.Natural Selection
4.Gene flow

Question 15

occurs whenever a mistake in the DNA occurs in the heritable cells of an organism

Answer 15

mutation

Question 16

is any movement of individuals, and/or the genetic material they carry, from one population to another

Answer 16

Gene flow

Question 17

is the change in frequency of an existing gene variant in the population due to random chance

Answer 17

Genetic Drift

Question 18

ay cause gene variants to disappear completely and thereby reduce genetic variation

Answer 18

Genetic Drift

Question 19

is the process through which populations of living organisms adapt and change

Answer 19

Natural Selection

Question 20

EVIDENCES OF EVOLUTION

Answer 20

Biogeography
Paleontology
Biochemistry
Embryology

Question 21

the study of the geographic distribution ofplants,animals, and other forms of life

Answer 21

Biogeography

Question 22

are any evidence of past life preserved in geologic context

Answer 22

PALEONTOLOGY

Question 23

There are two main types of fossils

Answer 23

1.Body fossils –any parts
2.Trace fossils –prints

Question 24

There are certain key molecules and biochemical mechanisms shared by incredibly different organisms

Answer 24

BIOCHEMISTRY

Question 25

The study of the similarities and differences in the structures of different species

Answer 25

COMPARATIVE ANATOMY

Question 26

Structures from different species that have the same internal framework, position, and embryonic development

Answer 26

Homologous Structures

Question 27

Structures of unrelated species that have the same function. Most common example are wings of bats, butterflies, and birds

Answer 27

Analogous Structures

Question 28

This process by which they evolve is called

Answer 28

convergent evolution

Question 29

is the study and analysis of embryos

Answer 29

EMBRYOLOGY

Question 30

is a diagram that shows relationships between species

Answer 30

Cladogram

Question 31

inital formation of earth

Answer 31

Hadean Eon

Question 32

life first formed on earth

Answer 32

Archean Eon

Question 33

Oxygen came to be

Answer 33

Proterozoic Eon

Question 34

Abundance of plants and animals

Answer 34

Phanerozoic Eon

Question 35

Ancient / old life

Answer 35

Paleozoic Era

Question 36

Start of marine diversity

Answer 36

Ordovician Period

Question 37

Evolution of fishes and diversity

Answer 37

Silurian Period

Question 38

Age of fishes

Answer 38

Devonian Period

Question 39

Age of coal

Answer 39

Carboniferous Period

Question 40

End of Paleozoic Era with mass extinction

Answer 40

Permian Period

Question 41

Age of reptiles

Answer 41

Mesozoic Era

Question 42

start of evolution of reptiles

Answer 42

Triassic Period

Question 43

Golden time of dinosaurs and first appearance of birds

Answer 43

Jurassic Period

Question 44

Mass extinction except for birds

Answer 44

Cretaceous Period

Question 45

Era of Mammals

Answer 45

Cenzoic Era