Evolution

Question 1

Hardy Weinberg Equilibirum

Answer 1

Frequencies are stable

• No mutations
• Large population
• Random mating
• No migration
• Equal reproductive success

Question 2

Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium Equations

Answer 2

p + q = 1

p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1

p= frequency of dominant allele
q= frequency of recessive allele
p^2= frequency of dominant homozygotes
2pq= frequency of heterozygotes
q^2= frequency of recessive homozygotes

Question 3

Punctuated Equilibrium

Answer 3

suggests that changes in some species occur in rapid bursts

Question 4

Stabilizing Selection

Answer 4

keeps phenotypes within a specfic range by selecting against extremes

Question 5

Directional Selection

Answer 5

adaptive pressure leads to emergence and dominance of an initially extreme phenotype

Question 6

Disruptive Selection

Answer 6

two extreme phenotypes are selected over the norm

Question 7

Adaptive Radiation

Answer 7

rapid rise of a number of species from a common ancestor

Question 8

Speciation

Answer 8

formation of a new species through evolution, considered isolated when the two can no longer inbreed, either due to prezygotic mechanisms or postzygotic mechanisms

Question 9

Divergent Evolution

Answer 9

independent development of dissimilar characteristics in 2 or more lineages, sharing a common ancestor

Question 10

Parallel Evolution

Answer 10

related species evolve in similar ways for a long period of time because of analogous environmental selection

Question 11

Convergent Evolution

Answer 11

independent development of similar characteristics in 2 or more lineages not sharing a recent common ancestor