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MCAT Biology > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

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1
Q

Direct Hormones

A

Directly stimulate organs

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2
Q

Tropic Hormones

A

Stimulate other glands

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3
Q

Peptides Act Via:

A

second messengers

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4
Q

Steroids Act Via:

A

Hormone/receptor binding to DNA

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5
Q

Amino Acid Derivatives Act Via:

A

second messengers OR hormone/receptor binding to DNA

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6
Q

FSH

A

Source: anterior pituitary
Action: stimulates follicle maturation; spermatogenesis

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7
Q

LH

A

Source: anterior pituitary
Action: stimulates ovulation; testosterone synthesis

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8
Q

ACTH

A

Source: anterior pituitary
Action: stimulates adrenal cortex to make and secrete glucocorticoids

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9
Q

TSH

A

Source: anterior pituitary
Action: stimulates thyroid to produce thyroids hormones

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10
Q

Prolactin

A

Source: Anterior Pituitary
Action: stimulates milk production and secretion

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11
Q

Endorphins

A

Source: anterior pituitary
Action: inhibits pain perception in the brain

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12
Q

Growth hormone

A

Source: anterior pituitary
Action: stimulates bone and muscle growth/lipolysis

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13
Q

Oxytocin

A

Source: hypothalamus
Action: stimulates uterine contractions during labour and milk secretion during lactation

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14
Q

ADH (Vasopressin)

A

Source: hypothalamus
Action: stimulates water reabsorption

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15
Q

T3 and T4

A

Source: Thyroid
Action: stimulates metabolic activity

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16
Q

Calcitonin

A

Source: Thyroid
Action: Decreases blood calcium levels (tones down)

17
Q

Parathyroid Hormone

A

Source: Parathyroid
Action: Increases blood calcium level

18
Q

Glucocorticoids

A

Source: adrenal cortex
Action: increase blood glucose levels and decrease protein synthesis; anti-inflammatory processes

19
Q

Mineralcorticoids

A

Source: adrenal cortex
Action: increases sodium and water reabsorption in kidneys

20
Q

Epinephrine and Norepinephrine

A

Source: Adrenal Medulla
Action: Increases blood glucose level and HR

21
Q

Glucagon

A

Source: Pancreas
Action: stimulates conversion of glycogen to glucose in the liver, and increases blood glucose

22
Q

Insulin

A

Source: Pancreas
Action: lowers blood glucose; increases glycogen stores

23
Q

Somatostatin

A

Source: Pancreas
Action: inhibits secretion of glucagon and insulin

24
Q

Testosterone

A

Source: Testes
Action: maintains male secondary sex characteristics

25
Q

Estrogen

A

Source: Ovary/Placenta
Action: maintains female secondary sex characteristics

26
Q

Progesterone

A

Source: ovary/placenta
Action: maintains endometrium

27
Q

Melatonin

A

Source: Pineal
Action: regulates sleep-wake cycles

28
Q

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide

A

Source: Heart
Action: osmoregulation and vasodilation

29
Q

Thymosin

A

Source: thymus
Action: stimulates T-Cell development

30
Q

Stages of the Menstrual Cycle

A
  1. Follicular: FSH causes growth of follicle
  2. Ovulation: LH causes follicle to release egg
  3. Luteal: corpus luteum forms
  4. Menstruation: endometrial lining sheds
31
Q

Hormones Secreted by the Anterior Pituitary

A 
FLAT PEG
FSH
LH
ACTH
TSH
Prolactin
Endorphins
Growth Hormone (GH)

MCAT Biology (14 decks)

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