evolution

Question 1

biodiversity

Answer 1

the genetic variation between different members of a species and helps a species survive environmental changes.

Question 2

species

Answer 2

if two organisms are able to mate and produce fertile offspring, they are said to belong to the same

Question 3

evolution

Answer 3

refers to the apparent change in a species over time. It is the genetic change in the characteristics of a species over many
generations, resulting in a new species (speciation).

Question 4

adaptations

Answer 4

are any characteristic that helps an organism to survive. They suit an organism to its habitat or way of life and so gives it an
advantage over organisms that may not have that adaptation.

Question 5

artificial selection

Answer 5

involves humans deliberately choosing which organisms with the desired characteristics will be allowed to survive and
breed and pass on those characteristics to the next generation

Question 6

generation

Answer 6

is the time between the birth of an individual and when that individual produces their own offspring.

Question 7

natural selection

Answer 7

• process when species become better adapted to their environment
• those with favourable characteristics have a survival advantage
• pass on their traits to the next generation
• differential reproductive success

Question 8

variation

Answer 8

̈ natural selection can only occur if there is variation present in a species; if all individuals are the same, then none can be favoured over
others.

Question 9

mutations

Answer 9

in alleles can produce variation.

Question 10

favorable

Answer 10

genetic characteristics increases chances of survival and reproductive rates

Question 11

3 things needed for new species

Answer 11

the formation of new, better species requires variation, isolation and selection of individuals of a species so that interbreeding and gene
flow is prevented between different groups of a population

Question 12

theory of evolution

Answer 12

there is evidence used to support the theory of evolution, including the fossil record, comparative anatomy, genetic and biochemical, and
embryology

Question 13

fossils

Answer 13

̈ fossils are organisms that have been buried quickly and left evidence of their existence. Fossils are used to show that organisms can change
over time and sometimes the presence of intermediate or transitional forms, though living fossils are unchanged for a long time.

Question 14

7 steps

Answer 14

- population
variation
selection 
survival
alleles 
generations
allele frequency

Question 15

selective agent

Answer 15

environmental factors affecting survival

eg climate an organism

Question 16

selection pressure

Answer 16

how the selective agent applies survival

eg predation competition