biology

Question 1

chromosome

Answer 1

the thread like structure of DNA containing the genes

Question 2

double helix

Answer 2

shape like a twisted rope ladder, made of two sugar phosphate backbones

Question 3

DNA

Answer 3

• deoxyribonucleic acid
• the compound chromosome are made of
• it is the blueprint of life, tells the body what, when and how to build something how much to build and how long for

Question 4

diploid

Answer 4

2n

46 in humans, 44 autosomes and 2 sex chromosomes

Question 5

haploid

Answer 5

n

23 egg and sperm

Question 6

gamete

Answer 6

sperm and egg cells

Question 7

gene

Answer 7

• portions of dna make up genes

- contains your traits and characteristics

Question 8

mitosis

Answer 8

• cell division for growth or repair

- same chromosome number

Question 9

mutation

Answer 9

a mistake that happens when dna is being copied causing damage to the base sequence

Question 10

nucleus

Answer 10

where chromosomes are found

Question 11

nucleotide

Answer 11

• one portion of a stand of dna

- made up of deoxyribose sugar, phosphate and a base

Question 12

nitrogenous base

Answer 12

• part of a nucleotide

- four types

Question 13

phosphate

Answer 13

one of the parts that make up a nucleotide

Question 14

replication

Answer 14

process of copying cells

Question 15

molecules of the nucleus

Answer 15

all living things have slightly different versions of the same molecules in the nucleus of their cell

Question 16

what is dna and what does it do

Answer 16

• deoxyribonucleic acid
• controls the way organisms look and function
• determines characteristics
• contributes to the diversity and variety of living things
• has similar structure in all organisms

Question 17

what is a nucleotide

Answer 17

• the basic building block of dna
• has three parts, base, deoxyribose sugar and phosphate
• arranged in such a way that gives the dna molecule a double helix
• the bases always pair in the same way

Question 18

first stage of cell division

Answer 18

-

Question 19

diploid number

Answer 19

human body cells each contain 23 pairs or 46 chromosomes

Question 20

what is a chromosome made of

Answer 20

• composed of many genes

- genes are sections of dna

Question 21

what is the difference between one gene and another

Answer 21

the number and order of the bases along the dna stand

Question 22

what does a gene contain

Answer 22

a gene contains the code for building a protein which controls a characteristic or function in the body

Question 23

what is mutation

Answer 23

mutations are changed in the bases of genes or to chromosomes

Question 24

what is mitosis

Answer 24

• is cell division in the body cells for growth and repair

- it produces two identical cells

Question 25

how do remember the stages of mitosis

Answer 25

i party most at the club

Question 26

what are the six stages of mitosis

Answer 26

1. interphase 2. prophase 3. metaphase 4. anaphase 5. telophase 6. cytokinesis

Question 27

what does the first stage do

Answer 27

- dna coils up - doubling the dna - 46 turns to 92 which are sister chromatids

Question 28

what happens in the second stage

Answer 28

- the replicated chromosome and their chromatids become visible - membrane disappears - they link together

Question 29

what happens in the third stage

Answer 29

``` replicated chromosomes line up along the middle of the cell - original on one side - duplicated on the other but still joint together - attached to a fibre (line) ```

Question 30

what happens in the fourth stage

Answer 30

- the chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell - each chromosome split in half

Question 31

what happens in the fifth stage

Answer 31

2 nuclei form each with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell

Question 32

what happens in the sixth step

Answer 32

- cell membranes form making 2 daughter cells | - each with a nucleus

Question 33

what is a chromatid

Answer 33

- when they are duplicated and then join with the duplicated chromosome

Question 34

allele

Answer 34

different version of the same gene

Question 35

what are the four bases

Answer 35

thymine adenine cytosine guanine