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science year 10 > biology > Flashcards

biology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

chromosome

A

the thread like structure of DNA containing the genes

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2
Q

double helix

A

shape like a twisted rope ladder, made of two sugar phosphate backbones

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3
Q

DNA

A
  • deoxyribonucleic acid
  • the compound chromosome are made of
  • it is the blueprint of life, tells the body what, when and how to build something how much to build and how long for
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4
Q

diploid

A

2n

46 in humans, 44 autosomes and 2 sex chromosomes

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5
Q

haploid

A

n

23 egg and sperm

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6
Q

gamete

A

sperm and egg cells

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7
Q

gene

A
  • portions of dna make up genes

- contains your traits and characteristics

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8
Q

mitosis

A
  • cell division for growth or repair

- same chromosome number

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9
Q

mutation

A

a mistake that happens when dna is being copied causing damage to the base sequence

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10
Q

nucleus

A

where chromosomes are found

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11
Q

nucleotide

A
  • one portion of a stand of dna

- made up of deoxyribose sugar, phosphate and a base

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12
Q

nitrogenous base

A
  • part of a nucleotide

- four types

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13
Q

phosphate

A

one of the parts that make up a nucleotide

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14
Q

replication

A

process of copying cells

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15
Q

molecules of the nucleus

A

all living things have slightly different versions of the same molecules in the nucleus of their cell

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16
Q

what is dna and what does it do

A
  • deoxyribonucleic acid
  • controls the way organisms look and function
  • determines characteristics
  • contributes to the diversity and variety of living things
  • has similar structure in all organisms
17
Q

what is a nucleotide

A
  • the basic building block of dna
  • has three parts, base, deoxyribose sugar and phosphate
  • arranged in such a way that gives the dna molecule a double helix
  • the bases always pair in the same way
18
Q

first stage of cell division

A

-

19
Q

diploid number

A

human body cells each contain 23 pairs or 46 chromosomes

20
Q

what is a chromosome made of

A
  • composed of many genes

- genes are sections of dna

21
Q

what is the difference between one gene and another

A

the number and order of the bases along the dna stand

22
Q

what does a gene contain

A

a gene contains the code for building a protein which controls a characteristic or function in the body

23
Q

what is mutation

A

mutations are changed in the bases of genes or to chromosomes

24
Q

what is mitosis

A
  • is cell division in the body cells for growth and repair

- it produces two identical cells

25
Q

how do remember the stages of mitosis

A

i party most at the club

26
Q

what are the six stages of mitosis

A
  1. interphase
  2. prophase
  3. metaphase
  4. anaphase
  5. telophase
  6. cytokinesis
27
Q

what does the first stage do

A
  • dna coils up
  • doubling the dna
  • 46 turns to 92 which are sister chromatids
28
Q

what happens in the second stage

A
  • the replicated chromosome and their chromatids become visible
  • membrane disappears
  • they link together
29
Q

what happens in the third stage

A 
replicated chromosomes line up along the middle of the cell 
- original on one side
- duplicated on the other
 but still joint together 
- attached to a fibre (line)
30
Q

what happens in the fourth stage

A
  • the chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell
  • each chromosome split in half
31
Q

what happens in the fifth stage

A

2 nuclei form each with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell

32
Q

what happens in the sixth step

A
  • cell membranes form making 2 daughter cells

- each with a nucleus

33
Q

what is a chromatid

A
  • when they are duplicated and then join with the duplicated chromosome
34
Q

allele

A

different version of the same gene

35
Q

what are the four bases

A

thymine
adenine
cytosine
guanine

science year 10 (8 decks)

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