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science year 10 > chemistry > Flashcards

chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

explain how the electron structure of an atom determines its properties

A
  • how readily they accept or donate an electron,
  • determines how they bond with nearby elements(strength and physical characteristics) and
  • how many free electrons they donate (conductivity)
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2
Q

Explain how the chemical properties of an element help to determine its position in the periodic table.

A

by the atomic number as they are in ascending order,

  • the reactivity decreases as you go from left to right,
  • ionisation increases from left to right
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3
Q

Outline the development of the modern Periodic Table.

A

the number of protons determine where it is on the periodic table

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4
Q

Understand why elements in the same group of the Periodic Table have similar properties

A

because they have the same number of electrons in their valance shell

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5
Q

Identify the location of metals, metalloids and non-metals on the Periodic Table

A

metals are on the left, metalloids are in the middle and non-metals are on the right

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6
Q

name the groups

A 
Group 1 alkali metals, 
Group 2 alkaline earth metals, 
Groups 3-12 transition metals, 
Group 17 halogens 
Group 18 noble gases.
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7
Q

Use models and diagrams to describe the nature of the bonding in metallic solids

A

sea of electrons moving as the element stays put

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8
Q

Use models and diagrams to describe the nature of the bonding in ionic solids

A

lattice structure

- metal with the valance electron next to it

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9
Q

Use models and diagrams to describe the nature of the bonding in covalent solids

A

sharing of electrons, joining two elements together

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10
Q

Distinguish between covalent molecular and covalent network solids.

A

covalent network: between multiple atoms forming a big structure
covalent molecular: only between a few atoms

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11
Q

properties of metallic

A

metallic: high melting and boiling points, insoluble

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12
Q

properties of ionic

A

high melting and boiling point,
many dissolve,
do not conduct electricity as solids only as liquids,
positive and negative ions strongly attracted together

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13
Q

properties of covalent molecular

A 
strong covalent bonds, 
weak intermolecular forces, 
low melting and boiling points 
do not conduct electricity, 
neutral
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14
Q

properties of covalent networks

A

strong covalent bonds throughout the whole structure,
high melting and boiling points,
do not conduct electricity,
no moving charges

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15
Q

element

A

a substance composed of atoms

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16
Q

atom

A

particles that make up all material, take part in reactions

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17
Q

nucleus

A

core of the atom, made of protons and neutrons

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18
Q

proton

A

positively charged particle found in the nucleus

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19
Q

neutron

A

neutrally charged particle found in the nucleus

20
Q

electron

A

negatively charged particle found in the shells

21
Q

ion

A

positive or negative charged atom or group of atoms

22
Q

isotope

A

atoms of the same element with a different number of neutrons

23
Q

atomic number

A

the number of protons or electrons in an atom

24
Q

mass number

A

number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus

25
Q

energy shell

A

regions surrounding the nucleus, where electrons are found

26
Q

valance shell

A

the outer most shell

27
Q

electron configuration

A

number of electrons in each shell

28
Q

group

A

vertical columns on the periodic table

29
Q

periods

A

horizontal rows on the periodic table

30
Q

cation

A

positively charged ion

31
Q

anion

A

negatively charged ion

32
Q

ionic

A

substance made or positive and negative ions

33
Q

relative atomic mass

A

the mass of an atom compared with 1/12th of a carbon 12 atom

  • the mass number
  • no grams or gmol
34
Q

molar mass

A

same as relative atomic mass but with gmol-1

- atomic mass

35
Q

relative molar mass

A

the molar mass of a covalent molecule (two or more atoms)

36
Q

relative formula mass

A

molar mass of a covalent network or a ionic lattice

37
Q

mole

A

6.02x10^23

38
Q

ionic bond

A

metal + non-metal

39
Q

covalent bond

A

non-metal + non-metal

40
Q

metallic bond

A

metal + metal

41
Q

if ..ide how do you work it out

A

same as the periodic table

42
Q

what is m

A

mass g

43
Q

what is n

A

the number of moles

44
Q

what is M

A

molecular mass

  • the mass number
  • gmol-1
45
Q

converting from mass to moles

A

mass divided by the mass number

46
Q

converting from moles to mass

A

multiply the number of moles by the mass number

science year 10 (8 decks)

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