Evolution Flashcards

0
Q

Members if each species compete to obtain food living space and necessities of life

A

Struggle for existence

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1
Q

Change in a kind of organism

A

Evolution

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2
Q

Ability of an individual to survive in reproduce in its environment

A

Fitness

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3
Q

Any inherited characteristics that increases and organisms chance of survival

A

Adaptation

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4
Q

Process by which individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully; otherwise known as natural selection

A

Survival of the fittest

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5
Q

Principle that each living species has descended with changes from other species overtime

A

Descent with modification

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6
Q

All things are derived from common ancestors

A

Common descent

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7
Q

Structures that have different mature forms the different organisms but develop from the same embryonic tissues

A

Homologous structures

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8
Q

Structures with similar functions that did not come from sharing a common ancestor, but from sharing a similar environment

A

Analogous structures

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9
Q

A organ that serves no useful function in an organism

A

Vestigial organ

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10
Q

Combined genetic information of all the members of a particular population

A

Gene pool

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11
Q

Form of natural selection in which the entire curve moves; occurs when individuals at one end of the distribution curve have higher fitness than individuals in the middle or at the other end of the curb

A

Directional selection

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12
Q

The type of selection which occurs when individuals near the center of the curve are favored

A

Stabilizing selection

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13
Q

Form of natural selection in which a single curves with into two; occurs when individuals at the upper and lower inns up a normal distribution curve have higher fitness than those need the center of the curve

A

Disruptive selection

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14
Q

A random change in allele frequencies that occurs in small populations

A

Genetic drift

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15
Q

Situation in which allele frequencies remain constant

A

Genetic equilibrium

16
Q

Separation of species or population so that they cannot interbreed and produce fertile offspring

A

Reproductive isolation

17
Q

Form of reproduction isolation in which two populations have differences in courtship rituals or other types of behavior that prevent them from interbreeding

A

Behavioral isolation

18
Q

Form of reproductive isolation in which two populations are separated physically by geographic areas such as rivers mountains or stretches of water

A

Geographic isolation

19
Q

Form of reproductive isolation in which two populations reproduce at different times

A

Temporel isolation

20
Q

Information about past life, including the structure of organisms, what the eight, what ate them, in what environment they lived, in the order in which they lived

A

Fossil record

21
Q

Method of determining the age of a fossil by comparing its placement with that of fossils in other layers of rock

A

Relative dating

22
Q

A recognizable fossil other an organism that lived for short period of time, but over a wide geographic range; used to compare the relative ages of fossils

A

Index fossils

23
Q

Length of time for half of the radioactive Adams in a sample to decay

24
Using the half-life of an isotope to find the absolute age of a fossil
Radioactive dating
25
When multiple species permanently die out during the same time frame
Mass extinction
26
Process by which a single species or small group of species evolves into several different forms that live in different ways; rapid growth in the diversity of a group of organisms
Adaptive radiation
27
Process by which unrelated organisms independently evolve similarities when adapting to similar environments
Convergent evolution
28
Process by which two species evolve in response to changes in each other
Convolution
29
A pattern of evolution where Long staple periods are interrupted by brief periods of rapid change
Punctuated equilibrium
30
Diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships among a group of organisms
Cladogram
31
A key used in the identification of organisms based on a series of choices between alternative characters
Dichotomous key