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Biology > Chapter 10 Cells > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Cells Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

The process by which a parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells

A

Cell division

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1
Q

A process occurring during S phase of the cell cycle when DNA is duplicated in preparation did cell division

A

DNA replication

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2
Q

The part if eukaryotic cell division where the cultus divides

A

Mitosis

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3
Q

The events during the life of a cell; mitosis, interphase and cytokinins

A

Cell cycle

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4
Q

The division of cytoplasm of one cell into two cells

A

Cytokinesis

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5
Q

One of two identical “sister” strands of a duplicated chromosome; joined by one centromere

A

Chromatid

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6
Q

The are where the two sister chromatids attach to each other and where spindle fibers attach to during mitosis or meiosis

A

Centromere

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7
Q

Phase in the cell cycle where the cell grows, replicates it’s DNA, and prepares to divide

A

Interphase

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8
Q

A single, tightly coiled strand of DNA. Visible with light microscope

A

Chromosome

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9
Q

The genetic material of most organisms

A

DNA

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10
Q

Shape of DNA molecule consisting of repeating pairs, sugar and phosphate held together by weak hydrogen bonds

A

Double Helix

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11
Q

Pair of complementary nitrogenous bases in a DNA molecule

A

Base Pairs

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12
Q

The genetic code of organisms based on sequence of the four nitrogen bases adenine, guanine, thymine, and cytosine, and uracil found in RNA

A

Nitrogen Bases

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13
Q

(Synthesis phase) Part if the cell cycle in which DNA is replicated,occurring between G1 phase and G2 phase

A

S phase

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14
Q

First period of activity in the cell cycle in which cells do most of their growing, and proteins and organelles are also produced

A

G1 Phase

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15
Q

(Gap 2, prep for mitosis) following the S phase, it’s the shortest phase of the 3, when organelles and molecules are produced during the cell cycle and the cell prepares for division

A

G2 Phase

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16
Q

The first phase of mitosis when duplicated chromosomes shorten and thicken (condense), the nuclear envelope breaks down and spindle fibers form. In animal cells centrioles move to opposite sides of the dividing cell

A

prophase

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17
Q

DNA tightly wound around his tone proteins

A

Chromatin

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18
Q

Uncontrolled cell division

A

Cancer

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19
Q

Proteins that regulate the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells

A

Cyclin

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20
Q

A cell (gamete) with only a single set of chromosomes, represented by the “n”

A

Haploid

21
Q

A cell with two homologous copies of each chromosome, usually one from the mother and one from the father, represented by the “2n”

A

Diploid

22
Q

A barrel-shaped cell structure involved in cell division and found in most animal eukaryotic cells, though it is absent in higher plants and most fungi

A

Centriole

23
Q

Cytoskeleton structure formed from the centrioles that separate the chromosomes into the daughter cells during cell division

A

Spindle fibers

24
Q

Final phase of mitosis when the nuclear envelope reappears, chromosomes uncoil and the cell is pinching inward

A

Telophase

25
Q

Third phase of mitosis when the sister chromatids begin to separate at the centromere and move towards opposite poles

A

Anaphase

26
Q

Second phase of the mitosis when paired chromatids are lines up on the equator if the cell and the centromeres attach to the spindle fibers

A

Metaphase

27
Q

A single, tightly coiled strand of DNA. Visible with light microscope

A

Chromosome

28
Q

Sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait

A

Gene

29
Q

Shape of DNA molecule consisting of repeating pairs, sugar and phosphate held together by weak hydrogen bonds

A

Double Helix

30
Q

Pair of complementary nitrogenous bases in a DNA molecule

A

Base Pairs

31
Q

The genetic code of organisms based on sequence of the four nitrogen bases adenine, guanine, thymine, and cytosine, and uracil found in RNA

A

Nitrogen Bases

32
Q

Second Part Of the cell cycle in which DNA is replicated,

A

S phase

33
Q

(Gap 1-growth) period of activity in the cell cycle in which cells do most of their growing, and proteins and organelles are also produced

A

G1 Phase

34
Q

(Gap 2, prep for mitosis) following the S phase, it’s the shortest phase of the 3, when organelles and molecules are produced during the cell cycle and the cell prepares for division

A

G2 Phase

35
Q

The first phase of mitosis when duplicated chromosomes shorten and thicken (condense), the nuclear envelope breaks down and spindle fibers form. In animal cells centrioles move to opposite sides of the dividing cell

A

prophase

36
Q

Time period in the cell cycle where the cell grows, replicates, it’s DNA and prepares to divide

A

Interphase

37
Q

Uncontrolled cell division

A

Cancer

38
Q

Proteins that regulate the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells

A

Cyclin

39
Q

Group of nucleotides (a and g) that have a nitrogenous base containing two fused carbon rings

A

Purine

40
Q

Monomer of nucleic acids; composed of a 5-carbon sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group

A

Nucleotides

41
Q

The principle enzyme involved in DNA replication; joins free nucleotides to the template strands of DNA

A

DNA polymerase

42
Q

Cytoskeleton structure formed from the centrioles that separate the chromosomes into the daughter cells during cell division

A

Spindle fibers

43
Q

Proteins that help organize DNA

A

Histone

44
Q

Group of nucleotides (cytosine, thymine, and uracil) that have a nitrogenous base containing one ring of carbon

A

Pyrimidine

45
Q

Identical chromosome set with the same genes- one from mom and one from dad

A

Homologous chromosomes

46
Q

Sunday

A

Helio

47
Q

Half

A

Hemi

48
Q

Other, different

A

Hetero

49
Q

Like similar

A

Homo

50
Q

Hydr

A

Water

Biology (9 decks)

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