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Biology > Ch 12 > Flashcards

Ch 12 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

The ability of a living bacterium to incorporate the DNA of another bacterium into it’s genome

A

Transformation

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1
Q

The principle enzyme involved in DNA replication

A

DNA polymerase

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2
Q

Sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait

A

Gene

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3
Q

Ribonucleic acid- single stranded nucleic acid used in protein synthesis

A

RNA

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4
Q

Used to take a copy of a gene to the ribosome to code for a specific sequence of amino acids

A

Messenger RNA

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5
Q

Combines with proteins to make ribosomes

A

Ribosomal RNA

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6
Q

Used to bring specific amino acids to the ribosomes so that they can be joined together in the production of proteins

A

Transfer RNA

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7
Q

The process of smoking an mRNA copy of A specific gene using the original code found on the DNA

A

Transcription

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8
Q

An enzyme used in the production of mRNA during transcription

A

RNA polymerase

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9
Q

The portion of the mRNA that is removed before the mRNA is exported from the nucleus

A

Intron

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10
Q

The coding portion of the mRNA that is exported from the nucleus

A

Exon

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11
Q

The consecutive nucleotides that specify a particular amino acid in the protein

A

Codon

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12
Q

The cell uses the code contained in mRNA to produce a string of amino acids

A

Translation

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13
Q

Group of three cases on a tRNA molecule that are complementary to an mRNA codon

A

Anticodon

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14
Q

Mutations that involve a change in one or a few nucleotides

A

Gene mutations

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15
Q

Mutations that occur at one point in the DNA sequence

A

Point mutations

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16
Q

One nucleotide is accidentally substituted for another during DNA replication or transcription

A

Substitution

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17
Q

And additional nucleotide is included during DNA replication or transcription

A

Insertion

18
Q

A nucleotide is left out during DNA replication or transcription

A

Deletion

19
Q

As a result of an addition or deletion mutation the codon sequence is shifted so that the subsequent codons are changed which may affect the sequence of amino acids

A

Frameshift mutations

20
Q

Changes in the number or structure of chromosomes; includes deletions duplications inversions and translocations

A

Chromosomal mutations

21
Q

A portion of a chromosome is removed, eliminating many genes

A

Deletion (chromosomal)

22
Q

A portion of the chromosome is duplicated, creating multiple copies of the same genes

A

Inversion

23
Q

Part of one chromosome is attached to another chromosome

A

Translocation

24
Q

A picture of a chromosome arranged so that homologous chromosomes are paired

A

Karyotype

25
Q

The chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual

A

Sex chromosomes

26
Q

All other chromosomes that are not sec chromosomes

A

Autosomes

27
Q

Chart that shows the relationships in the family: used in tracking genetic disorders through families

A

Pedigree

28
Q

Genes located on the X or Y chromosomes

A

Sex-linked genes

29
Q

When Homologous chromosomes failed to separate during meiosis, resulting in abnormal numbers of chromosomes in gametes

A

Nondisjunction

30
Q

All of an individual’s genes

A

Genome

31
Q

The effort to sequence and analyze the entire human genome

A

Human genome project

32
Q

Measure

A

Meter

33
Q

Small

A

Micra

34
Q

Thread

A

Mito

35
Q

One, single

A

Mono

36
Q

Myco

A

Fungus

37
Q

Myo

A

Muscle

38
Q

Dead

A

Necro

39
Q

Night

A

Noct

40
Q

All

A

Omni

41
Q

Mass

A

Onco

42
Q

Pushing

A

Osmo

Biology (9 decks)

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