Evolution

Question 1

What is natural selection?

Answer 1

The environment (including climate change and other organisms) selects which individuals pass on their alleles to the next generation.

Question 2

What is Darwin’s theory?

Answer 2

Organisms change through a process where individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to survive, reproduce and pass traits onto off springs.

Question 3

How does his theory apply to bacteria?

Answer 3

Doctors say to complete a full curse of antibiotics even if you feel better because if you don’t finish the course then antibiotic resistant bacteria will reproduce. This results in an infection of antibiotic resistant bacteria that is more difficult to treat.

Question 4

Whats the order of fossils that show human evolution?

Answer 4

Ardi=
- 4.4 mill years ago
Brain size = 350cmcube

Lucy=
- 3.2 mill years ago
Brain size= 400cmcube

Homo habilis=
- 2.4-1.4 mill years ago
Brain size= 500-600cmcube

Homo erectus=
- 1.8-0.5 mill years ago
Brain size= 850-1100cmcube

Homo sapiens=
- since 200000 years ago.
Brain size= 1200cmcube

Question 5

How can stone tools be dated from their environment?

Answer 5

The amount of radiation in samples of sediment just above and below the layer which the tools where found.

Question 6

What is the five-kingdom method of classification?

Answer 6

• Plants
• Animals
• Fungi
• Protists
• Prokaryotes

Question 7

What is the 3-domains method of classification?

Answer 7

• Eubacteria
• Eukaryota (including plants, animals, fungi and protists).
• Archaea (mainly bacteria living in hot/salty conditions).

Question 8

Why did the 3-domains method replace the five kingdoms method?

Answer 8

Research on genes/DNA.
- shows bacteria needs to be split into 2 groups.
- some bacteria have genes that work more like eukaryotes.