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Evolution Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

order the time line
Mammals, Simple Eukaryotes, Multicellularity, single celled prokaryotes, prokaryotes that photosyntheisis, flowering plants, animals on land, cambrian explosion

A

single celled Prokaryotes
proksryottes that photosynthesis
Simple Eukaryotes
Multicellurlarity
cambrian explosion
Animals on land
Mammals
flowering plants

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2
Q

fossil

A
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3
Q

types of fossils

A

preminrslised, molds, casts, trace fossils and mummys

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4
Q

preminralised fossil

A

minral rich water deposits minrals (in) organic matirial

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5
Q

Mould fossil

A

decomposed animal leaves a mould in the rock around it

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6
Q

cast fossil

A

mould get filled with sediment

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7
Q

trace fossil

A

fossil that prove existence but not organism ( eggshells, nests)

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8
Q

mummy

A

soft tissues haven’t decomposed

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9
Q

4 conditions of fossilisation

A

low oxygen, cool temp, protection (rapid burial) and low light

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10
Q

raletive dating

A

fossils that are further from surface are older giving aproximate comparrision

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11
Q

Absolute dating

A

getting an estimate

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12
Q

geological time scale

A
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13
Q

index fossil

A

charecteristics must be
distinct, have large poppulation, found in many areas and only lived short period of time

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14
Q

transitional fossils

A

a fossil that show traits of both an ancestor and a decendent species

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15
Q
A
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16
Q

convergent evolution

A

Different species independently evolve similar traits due to similar selection pressures

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17
Q

divergent evolution

A
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18
Q

Homologous structures

A

Structures in different species that look or function similarly, suggest they have a common ancestor

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19
Q
A
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20
Q
A
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21
Q

mutations

A

happen naturally or due to mutagens

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22
Q

point mutation

A

changes a single nucleotide casing a single amino acid to be wrong

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23
Q

silent mutation

A

nucleotide that was changed coded for the same amino acid

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24
Q

insertion

A

a nucleotide is added casing a frame shift

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25
Q

deletion

A

a nucleotide is removed casing a frame shift

26
Q

Non sense mutation

A

a stop codon is created casing two polypeptide chains to be made

27
Q

Missens

A

a faulty protein is made due to mutation

28
Q

Block mutation

A

effects a large chunk of DNA or a whole gene

29
Q

Deletion

A

large part of gene is removed

30
Q

Duplication

A

a section of the gene is made twice

31
Q

Inversion

A

chunk of DNA put upside down

32
Q

Translocation

A

part of the left and write chromosome switch

33
Q

Aneuploidy

A

gain or loss of a single chromosome

34
Q

Polyplodiy

A

gains an extra chromosome on every position (fatal for living organism)

35
Q

phenotype

A

physical traits

36
Q

geneotype

A

the genetic composition

37
Q

condition of natural selection

A
  1. Variation in species
  2. Selection pressure
  3. Selective advantage
  4. heritability
38
Q

heritability

A

ability to pass on genes

39
Q

Natural selection

A

creatures with more desirable traits survive and reproduce

40
Q

gene flow

A

flow of different alleles in and out of a population

41
Q

Immigration

A

moving into a new population increasing genetic diversity

42
Q

emigration

A

the movement out of a population decreasing genetic diversity

43
Q

Genetic drift

A

random event that reduce genetic diversity

44
Q

Bottle neck effect

A

dramatic decrease in poopulation size due a a random event causing the loss of alleles, reducing genetic diversity

45
Q

Founders effect

A

a small number of a species colonise a new location but due to the small amount dont have much genetic variation

46
Q

Speciation

A

formation of a new species

47
Q

Different spieces

A

cant breed and produce fertile offspring

48
Q

sub species

A
49
Q

geographical issolation

A

same species cant get to reach other ( hills or rivers)

50
Q

Temporal

A

different times of year when species are ready to reproduce

51
Q

Ecological

A

different nishes so don’t interact (water frogs and land frogs)

52
Q

different mating behaviors

A
53
Q

structual

A

small dogs cant breed with big dogs

54
Q

gamet mortality

A

sperm cant penetrate egg

55
Q

zygot morality

A

fertilisation occurs but the dies

56
Q

hybrid spieces

A

offspring survives but are infertile

57
Q

Allopatric species

A

speciation due to geographic barrier

58
Q

galapogus finches

A

live in different island with different selection pressures…

59
Q
A
60
Q

prehensible

A

can grab stuff

61
Q

Bipedalism

A

stands on two hind legs for long periods of timA

bio (7 decks)

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