chapter work

Question 1

Gel electrophorisis

Answer 1

separates DNA fragments by size, using electric currents, to compare to other DNA

Question 2

Polymerase Chain reaction

Answer 2

replicates DNA in 3 steps. Denaturation, Annealing and Elongation

Question 3

Denaturation

Answer 3

part of PCR heat DNA to 94 degrees so the hydrogen bonds brake separating the DNA into 2 strands

Question 4

annealing

Answer 4

Part of PCR reduces temperature to 55 degrees so the primers can attach

Question 5

Elongation

Answer 5

part of PCR temperature increase to 72 degrees so the Taq polimerase works at it ideal temp so it most efficient

Question 6

what you need for PCR

Answer 6

1. DNA
2. Primers
3. Necleotides
4. Taq polimerase
5. mix buffer
6. PCR tube

Question 7

What charge is DNA

Answer 7

Negative (-)

Question 8

what charge does DNA move to

Answer 8

positive terminal

Question 9

what “glues” the DNA backbone together after it has been cut

Answer 9

Ligases

Question 10

whats responsible for “cutting” DNA

Answer 10

restriction enzymes

Question 11

standard ladder

Answer 11

use in gel electrophoresis to compare to the unknown sample

Question 12

polimerse

Answer 12

add complimentry nucleotides to a sequence.

Question 13

CRISPR cas-9 in Bacteria

Answer 13

Cause viral DNA to become non functioning

Question 14

CRISPR Cas-9 in genetic engineering

Answer 14

causes a chosen gene thats already been created to go in the cut site

Question 15

cleaves

Answer 15

CRISPER Cas-9 cuts DNA

Question 16

Exposure

Answer 16

bacteria is exposed to viral DNA it takes a sample of the DNA and put it in the PAM sequence.

Question 17

Expression

Answer 17

cas-9 and guide RNA (from PAM sequence) combine making a CRISPR cas-9 complex, which scan the DNA for a complimentary to gRNA

Question 18

Extermination

Answer 18

If complimentry bases to guide RNA are found the cas-9 cleaves (cuts) it and random necleotides make the viral DNA non-functional

Question 19

what type or RNA is in a CRISPR Cas-9 complex?

Answer 19

guide RNA, gRNA