evolution Flashcards
what is a genotype
refers to the genetic makeup of an organism
what is phenotype
physical characteristics determined by genes and the environment
what are dominant genes
strong
more represntative
what are recessive genes
weaker gene
not expressed
what is an example of an environment trigger on genes
oxygen level
humidity
light cycle
what is evolution
inherited characteristics that are developed in organisms and are evolved slow process
what is natural selection
the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype
how does natural selection effect population
population ill have a higher percentage of survival and less disadvantaged genes
what is a heritable trait
many characteristics have a genetic tendent combined with experience in the environment
what is sexual selection
a type of natural selection and competition for mates along with the development of characteristics that aid reproductive success drive evolution
what is the role of the pre-frontal cortex
regulates our thoughts, actions and emotions
where is the amygdala found
in the prefrontal cortex
what is the thalamus responsible for
relaying sensory and motor signals as well as a regulation of consciousness and alterness
what is the amygdala responsible for
emotional control
memory and learning
what is hypothalamus responsible for
releasing hormones, managing sexual behaviour, regulating emotional responses
what is the old brain responsible for
its designed to control the most basic functions for life including breathing, attention and motor responses
what is the old brain mostly made up of
limbic system
prefrontal cortex
what is indirect aggression
covert (hidden)
e.g gossip
what is relational aggression
overt (open)
e.g breaking off group
why would Brendgen et al criticise the evolutionary explanation of social aggression
girls are more socially aggressive
boys are more physically aggressive
nurture not nature
why have we evolved our prefrontal cortex
to resist jealous impulses as it is now considered as unattractive
describe how David Buss (1988) explains how aggression is used to maintain mates
males use two retention strategies to control partners- direct guarding (controlling her movements) and negative inducements (prevent her from straying)
why does aggression occur in men
to acquire status which increases resources and mates, which increases the survival of themselves and offspring
describe how Daly and Wilson (1985) supports the explanation of aggression in males
males from lower statuses have a high chance of being offenders/victims
most victims/offenders know each other so know each others status
why do women have aggression
social aggression not physical aggression
social aggressive so the man passes down genes and protection of offspring
detrimental effects on offspring if mother is aggressive
describe how Hill & Hurtado (1996) supports the explanation of aggression in women
Paraguay children are 5x more likely to die if mother dies and 100% if it happens before the child is 1 year old
