evolution

Question 1

what is a genotype

Answer 1

refers to the genetic makeup of an organism

Question 2

what is phenotype

Answer 2

physical characteristics determined by genes and the environment

Question 3

what are dominant genes

Answer 3

strong
more represntative

Question 4

what are recessive genes

Answer 4

weaker gene
not expressed

Question 5

what is an example of an environment trigger on genes

Answer 5

oxygen level
humidity
light cycle

Question 6

what is evolution

Answer 6

inherited characteristics that are developed in organisms and are evolved slow process

Question 7

what is natural selection

Answer 7

the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype

Question 8

how does natural selection effect population

Answer 8

population ill have a higher percentage of survival and less disadvantaged genes

Question 9

what is a heritable trait

Answer 9

many characteristics have a genetic tendent combined with experience in the environment

Question 10

what is sexual selection

Answer 10

a type of natural selection and competition for mates along with the development of characteristics that aid reproductive success drive evolution

Question 11

what is the role of the pre-frontal cortex

Answer 11

regulates our thoughts, actions and emotions

Question 12

where is the amygdala found

Answer 12

in the prefrontal cortex

Question 13

what is the thalamus responsible for

Answer 13

relaying sensory and motor signals as well as a regulation of consciousness and alterness

Question 14

what is the amygdala responsible for

Answer 14

emotional control
memory and learning

Question 15

what is hypothalamus responsible for

Answer 15

releasing hormones, managing sexual behaviour, regulating emotional responses

Question 16

what is the old brain responsible for

Answer 16

its designed to control the most basic functions for life including breathing, attention and motor responses

Question 17

what is the old brain mostly made up of

Answer 17

limbic system
prefrontal cortex

Question 18

what is indirect aggression

Answer 18

covert (hidden)
e.g gossip

Question 19

what is relational aggression

Answer 19

overt (open)
e.g breaking off group

Question 20

why would Brendgen et al criticise the evolutionary explanation of social aggression

Answer 20

girls are more socially aggressive
boys are more physically aggressive
nurture not nature

Question 21

why have we evolved our prefrontal cortex

Answer 21

to resist jealous impulses as it is now considered as unattractive

Question 22

describe how David Buss (1988) explains how aggression is used to maintain mates

Answer 22

males use two retention strategies to control partners- direct guarding (controlling her movements) and negative inducements (prevent her from straying)

Question 23

why does aggression occur in men

Answer 23

to acquire status which increases resources and mates, which increases the survival of themselves and offspring

Question 24

describe how Daly and Wilson (1985) supports the explanation of aggression in males

Answer 24

males from lower statuses have a high chance of being offenders/victims

most victims/offenders know each other so know each others status

Question 25

why do women have aggression

Answer 25

social aggression not physical aggression

social aggressive so the man passes down genes and protection of offspring

detrimental effects on offspring if mother is aggressive

Question 26

describe how Hill & Hurtado (1996) supports the explanation of aggression in women

Answer 26

Paraguay children are 5x more likely to die if mother dies and 100% if it happens before the child is 1 year old