Evidence of Inequality - Gender Flashcards
Workplace
Adkins
Found evidence of horizontal and vertical segregation in the workplace disadvantaging the roles of women. In theme parks males worked as ride operators whilst women worked in catering. In these roles women faced regular sexual harassment from other staff and customers.
Workplace
Laura Bates - the every day sexism project
- In the UK parliament men outnumber women by 4 to 1. Also only 18 out of 108 High Court Judges are female.
Workplace
The Fawcett society
- The gender pay gap stands at 13.7% in 2019 - In 2015 is was 13.9% showing that the gap has closed but only slightly - Meaning there is little or no change occuring. For every £1 a man earns a woman earns 86p…that equates to 2 months of ‘free labour’ every year. Although in previous years the pay gap reduce, it has not improved since 2015.
Workplace - male
Mac an Ghail
Willis
Doyal
Doyal - dominate industrial jobs - more likely to suffer injuries - effects their job / ability to make money
education
Skelton
suggests that the hidden curriculum (such as attitudes of teachers) negatively influences subject choices.
education
Kelly
Suggests that Science is packaged as a boys subject – Boys are allowed to dominate science classrooms and examples in textbooks are male relates e.g. cars and footballs in examples. This leads to girls being disengaged from the subject.
education
Colley
Argues that subject choices are negatively influenced by:
- Perception of gender roles
- Subject preferences
- Learning environment
education - male
Willis
States that working class ‘Lads’ are fatalistic about their futures due to following in their father’s footsteps – Leading them into low status, low paid, basic manual labour jobs – This means that they developed anti-school attitudes in the workplace as they did not see the value in achievement (they did not need qualifications to get these jobs).
education - male
Mitsos and Browne
States that teachers treat males and females differently and that this can cause inequality for boys – They state that teachers are too lenient on ‘laddish’ behaviour of boys and that this can do them a disservice leading to their lack of achievement. Whereas they are hard on girls who are seen as breaking both the school rules and gender norms – ‘doubly deviant’ – This ensures that they achieve
education - male
Department for education
Statistics show that…
In 2019, 71.9% of female students achieved a C/4 grade or higher in comparison to 62.9% of male students who achieved a C/4 grade or higher in the United Kingdom.
Media
Ferguson
Conducted a content analysis of women’s magazines and counted up the number of times a certain topic was covered. She concluded women’s’ magazines were based around a ‘cult of femininity’ which promotes the idea that excellence is achieved through caring for others, the family, marriage and appearance.
Media
Billington
Argues the media presents masculinity as dominant and femininity as subordinate
Media
Mulvey
notes that typical examples of the male gaze include medium close-up shots of women from over a man’s shoulder, shots that pan and fixate on a woman’s body, and scenes that frequently occur which show a man actively observing a passive woman. Women in the media are viewed through the eyes of heterosexual men (male gaze). Women are therefore presented as passive objects for male desire.
Media
Tuchman
argues that the narrow range of roles for women lead to their ‘symbolic annihilation’ in the media . This concept refers to the phenomenon where the mass media omit, trivialise, or condemn certain groups that are not socially valued – Such as women.
Media - male
Sewell
Found that black Afro-Caribbean boys turned to rapper role models due to a lack of father figure within the home, when they were from matriarchal backgrounds. This negative role model then lead these boys into deviant anti-school subcultures which lead to their lack of achievement.
