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NCLEX YOU GOT THIS! > everything you need to know idk > Flashcards

everything you need to know idk Flashcards

1
Q

addisonian crisis s/s

A

N/V, abdominal pain, confusion, extreme weakness, hypoglycemia, dehydration, hypotension

result of probably not properly managing stress

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2
Q

what should neutropenic patients not receive?

A

fresh fruit
flowers
vaccines

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3
Q

treatment for spider bite/bleeding

A 
RICE
rest
ice
compression
elevate extremity
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4
Q

treatment for sickle cell crises

A 
HHOP
heat
hydration
oxygen
pain medications
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5
Q

how to position pt w asthma

A

orthopenic position where pt is sitting up and bent forward with arms supported on a table of chair arms
tripod

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6
Q

how to position pt post bronchoscopy

A

flat on bed with head hyperextended

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7
Q

how to position pt w cerebral aneurysm

A

high fowlers

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8
Q

how to position pt w hemorrhagic stroke

A

HOB elevated 30 degrees to reduce ICP and facilitate venous drainage

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9
Q

how to position pt w ischemic stroke

A

HOB flat

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10
Q

how to position pt w cardiac cath

A

keep site extended

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11
Q

how to position pt w epistaxis

A

lean forward

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12
Q

how to position pt w above the knee amputation

A

elevate for first 24h on pillow, position on prone daily for hip extension

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13
Q

how to position pt w below the knee amputation

A

foot of bed elevated for first 24 hours, position prone daily for hip extension

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14
Q

how to position pt w tube feedings with decreased LOC

A

position

patient on right side to promote emptying of the stomach with HOB elevated to prevent aspiration.

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15
Q

how to position pt w air/PE

A

turn pt to left side and lower HOB

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16
Q

how to position pt w postural drainage

A

lung segment to be drained should be in the uppermost position to allow gravity to work

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17
Q

how to position pt post lumbar puncture

A

pt should lie flat in supine to prevent H/A and leaking of CSF

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18
Q

how to position pt w CBI

A

catheter should be taped to thigh so legs should be kept straight

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19
Q

how to position pt after myringotomy

A

position on the side of affected ear after surgery (allows drainage of secretion)

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20
Q

how to position pt post catarats surgery

A

pt will sleep on unaffected side with a night shield for 1-4 weeks

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21
Q

how to position pt w detached retina

A

area of detachment should be in the dependent position

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22
Q

how to position pt post thyroidectomy

A

low or semi-fowler’s, support head, neck and shoulders

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23
Q

how to position pt w thoracentesis

A

sitting on the side of the bed and leaning over the table (During procedure); affected side up (after procedure)

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24
Q

how to position pt w spina bifida

A

position infant on prone so that sac does not rupture

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25
Q

how to position pt w buck’s traction

A

elevate foot of bed for counter-traction

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26
Q

how to position pt post total hip replacement

A

don’t sleep on operated side, don’t flex hip more than 45-60 degrees and don’t elevate HOB more than 45 degrees, maintain hip abduction by separating thighs with pillows

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27
Q

how to position pt w prolapsed umbilical cord

A

knee-chest position or trendelenburg

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28
Q

how to position pt w cleft-lip

A

position on back or in infant seat to prevent trauma to the suture line; while feeding, hold in upright position

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29
Q

how to position pt w cleft-palate

A

prone

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30
Q

how to position pt w hemorrhoidectomy

A

assist to lateral position

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31
Q

how to position pt w hiatal hernia

A

upright position

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32
Q

how to prevent dumping syndrome

A

eat in a reclining position, lie down after meals for 20-30 minutes (also restrict fluids during meals, low fiber diet, and small frequent meals)

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33
Q

enema administration position

A

position pt in left-side lying (sims) position with knees flexed

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34
Q

how to position pt post supratentorial surgery (incision behind the hairline)

A

elevate HOB 30-45 degrees

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35
Q

how to position pt post infratentorial surgery (incision at nape of neck)

A

position patient flat and lateral on either side

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36
Q

how to position pt w increased ICP

A

high fowlers

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37
Q

how to position pt post laminectomy

A

back as straight as possible, log roll to move and sand bag on sides

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38
Q

how to position pt with spinal cord injury

A

immobilize on spine board, with head in neutral position; immobilize head with padded C-collar, maintain traction and alignment of head manually; log roll patient and do not allow patient to twist or bend

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39
Q

how to position pt - liver biopsy

A

right side lying with pillow or small towel under puncture site for at least 3h

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40
Q

how to position pt for paracentesis

A

flat on bed or sitting

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41
Q

how to position pt - intestinal tubes

A

place pt on right side to faciliate passage into duodenum

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42
Q

how to position pt w NG tubes

A

elevate HOB 30 degrees to prevent aspiration, maintain elevation for congtinuous feeding or 1h after intermittent feedings

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43
Q

how to position pt for pelvic exam

A

lithotomy position

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44
Q

how to position pt for rectal exam

A

knee to chest position, sim’s or dorsal recumbent

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45
Q

how to position pt during internal radiation

A

pt should be on bed rest while implant is in place

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46
Q

how to position pt w autonomic dysreflexia

A

place pt in sitting position (Elevate HOB) first before any other implementation

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47
Q

how to position pt w shock

A

bed rest with extremities elevated 20 degrees, knees straight, head slightly elevated (modified trendelenburg)

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48
Q

how to position pt w head injury

A

elevate HOB 30 degrees to decrease ICP

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49
Q

how to position pt for peritoneal dialysis when outflow is inadequate

A

turn pt side to side before checking for kinks in tubing

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50
Q

how to position pt for myelogram (3 types)

A

Water-based dye: semi-Fowler’s for at least 8h. Oil-based dye: flat on bed for at least 6-8h to prevent leakage of CSF.
Air dye: Trendelenburg.

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51
Q

s/s of lead poisoning

A 
Anemia. 
Basophilic stripping. 
Colicky pain. 
Diarrhea. 
Encephalopathy. 
Foot drop. 
Gum (lead line).
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52
Q

s/s neuroleptic malignant syndrome

A 
Fever. 
Encephalopathy. 
Vitals unstable. 
Elevated enzymes (CPK). 
Rigidity of muscles.

**idiosyncratic reaction to antipsychotic drugs

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53
Q

how to use incentive spirometry

A
  1. Sit upright.
  2. Exhale.
  3. Insert mouthpiece.
  4. Inhale for 3 seconds.
  5. Hold for 10 seconds.
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54
Q

anticholinergic side effects

A 
anorexia 
blurry vision
constipation/confusion
dry mouth
sedation/stasis of urine
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55
Q

steps to use a metered dose inhaler

A
  1. Shake the inhaler well before use (3/4x).
  2. Remove the cap.
  3. Breathe out, away from the inhaler.
  4. Bring the inhaler to your mouth, place it between your teeth and close your mouth around it.
  5. Start to breathe slowly. Press the top of the inhaler once and keep breathing in slowly until you have taken a full breath (3-5s).
  6. Remove the inhaler from your mouth and hold your breath for about 10s, then breathe out.
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56
Q

treatment for diabetic ketoacidosis

A 
KING UFC 
K+. 
Insulin. 
Nasogastric tube: if comatose. 
Glucose: once serum levels drop. 
Urea: monitoring. 
Fluids: crystalloids. 
Creatinine: monitor and catheterize.
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57
Q

effect of c3 and above injury

A

unable to care for self, life-sustaining ventilator is essential

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58
Q

effect of injury at c6 injury

A

may use a lightweight wheelchair; feed self with devices; write and care for self; transfer from chair to bed

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59
Q

effect of injury at c7

A

can dress legs; minimal assistance is needed; independence in wheelchair; can drive car with hand controls

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60
Q

effect of injury at T1-T4

A

Some independence from wheelchair; long-leg braces for standing exercises

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61
Q

effect of injury at L3-L4

A

may use crutches or canes for ambulation

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62
Q

left cerebrovascular accident

A
  • Paralyzed right side hemiplegia.
  • Impaired speech and language.
  • Slow performance.
  • Visual field deficits.
  • Aware of deficits: depression, anxiety.
  • Impaired comprehension.
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63
Q

right cerebrovascular accident

A
  • Paralyzed left side hemiplegia.
  • Spacial-perceptual deficits.
  • Tends to minimize problems.
  • Short attention span.
  • Visual field deficits.
  • Impaired judgement.
  • Impulsive.
  • Impaired time concept.
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64
Q

s/s of left side CHF

A 
FORCED
Fatigue. 
Orthopnea. 
Rales/Restlesness. 
Cyanosis/Confusion. 
Extreme weakness. 
Dyspnea
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65
Q

s/s of right side CHF

A 
BACONED
Bloating. 
Anorexia. 
Cyanosis/Cool legs. 
Oliguria. 
Nausea. 
Edema. 
Distended neck veins.
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66
Q

TX for CHF

A 
(UNLOAD FAST) 
Upright position. 
Nitrates. 
Lasix (Furosemide). 
Oxygen. 
ACE inhibitors. 
Digoxin. 
Fluids (decrease). 
Afterload (decrease).
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67
Q

high alert medications

A
  • Insulin.
  • Opiates and narcotics.
  • Injectable potassium chloride (or phosphate) concentrate. - IV coagulants (heparin).
  • Sodium chloride solutions >0.9%.
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68
Q

narrow therapeutic range drugs

A
  • gentamycin.
  • vancomycin.
  • Warfarin.
  • Lithium.
  • Digoxin.
  • Theophylline.
  • Methotrexate.
  • Phenytoin.
  • Insulin.
  • Ciclosporin.
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69
Q

TB drugs

A 
(RIPE): 
Rifampicin 
Isoniazid 
Pyrazinamide 
Ethambutol
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70
Q

rifampicin

A

causes red-orange tears and urine

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71
Q

ethambutol

A

causes problems with vision, liver problems

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72
Q

isoniazid

A

can cause peripheral neuritis; take vitamin B6 to counter

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73
Q

MAOIs + tyramine-rich foods

A
  • Tyramine-rich foods may cause severe hypertension in patients who take MAOI’s.
  • Tyramine-rich foods include: aged cheese, chicken liver, avocados, bananas, meat tenderizer, salami, bologna, Chianti wine, and beer.
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74
Q

pyridium

A
  • Urinary tract analgesic and spasmolytic
  • Not an anti-infective
  • Turns urine bright orange.
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75
Q

nitro patch administration timeframe

A

up to 3x with intervals of 5 mins

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76
Q

when is morphine contraindicated

A

pts w pancreatitis bc it causes spasms of the sphincter of oddi
* meperidine (demerol) should be given *

77
Q

clozapine toxic risk

A

associated with blood dyscrasia

78
Q

digoxin info

A

assess pulse for full min, if less than 60 hold dose

check dig and k+ levels

79
Q

haloperidol adverse effects

A
  • Drowsiness.
  • Insomnia.
  • Weakness.
  • Headache
  • Extrapyramidal symptoms: akathisia, tardive dyskinesia, dystonia.
80
Q

aluminum hydroxide

A

treat GERD and kidney stones

WOF: constipation

81
Q

hydroxyzine

A

treats anxiety and itching

WOF: dry mouth

82
Q

midazolam

A

given for conscious sedation

WOF: resp depression and hypotension

83
Q

amiodarone

A

take missed dose any time in the day or skip entirely
do not double dose
WOF: diaphoresis, dyspnea, letharge

84
Q

warfarin (coumadin)

A

stress importance in complying with prescribed dose and follow-up apts

85
Q

methyphenidate (ritalin)

A

treat ADHD
assess for heart related SEs, report immediately
child may need drug holiday, since it stunts growth

86
Q

dopamine

A

treatment of hypotension, shock and low CO

monitor ECG for arrjythmias and BP

87
Q

phenytoin

A

enteral feedings: stop feeding 1-2 hours before and after the med admin d/t decrease in absorption w enteral feedings
flush with 30-50 mL of NaCl after admin.

88
Q

common s/s of pul TB

A

low grade afternoon fever

89
Q

common s/s of pneumonia

A

rust-colored sputum

90
Q

common s/s of asthma

A

wheezing on expiration

91
Q

common s/s of emphysema

A

barrel chest

92
Q

common s/s of pernicious anemia

A

red beefy tongue

93
Q

common s/s of cholera

A

rice-watery stool and wrinkled hands from dehydration

94
Q

common s/s of malaria

A

stepladder like fever w chills

95
Q

common s/s of typhoid

A

rose spots in the abdomen

96
Q

common s/s of dengue

A

fever, rash, H/A; positive herman’s sign

97
Q

common s/s of diphtheria

A

psudo membrane formation

98
Q

common s/s of measles

A

koplik’s spots (clustered white lesions on buccal mucosa)

99
Q

common s/s of systemic lupus erythematosus

A

butterfly rash

100
Q

common s/s of leprosy

A

leonine facies (thickened folded facial skin)

101
Q

common s/s of appendicitis

A

rebound tenderness at McBurney’s point; Rovsing’s sign (palpation of LLQ elicits pain in RLQ); psoas sign (pain from flexing the thigh to the hip).

102
Q

common s/s of meningitis

A

Kernig’s sign (stiffness of hamstrings causing inability to straighten the leg when the hip is flexed to 90º); Brudzinski’s sign (forced flexion of the neck elicits a reflex flexion of the hips).

103
Q

common s/s of tetany

A

from hypocalcemia; positive trousseau’s and chvostek sign

104
Q

common s/s of tetanus

A

risus sardonicus or rictus grin

105
Q

common s/s of pancreatitis

A

cullen’s sign (ecchymosis of the umbilicus); grey turner’s sign (bruising of the flank)

106
Q

common s/s of pyloric stenosis

A

olive like mass

107
Q

common s/s of ductus arteriosus

A

washing machine-like murmur

108
Q

common s/s of addison’s disease

A

bronze-like skin pigmentation

109
Q

common s/s of cushing’s syndrome

A

moon face appearance and buffalo hump

110
Q

common s/s of grave’s disease

A

exophthalmos

111
Q

common s/s of intussesception

A

sausage shaped mass

jelly like red bloody, mucusy stuff

112
Q

common s/s of MS

A

nystagmus
intention tremor
dysarthria

113
Q

common s/s of myasthenia gravis

A

descending muscle weakness ptosis

114
Q

common s/s of GBS

A

ascending muscle weakness

115
Q

common s/s of DVT

A

homan’s sign

116
Q

common s/s of angina

A

crushing, stabbing pain relieved by nitro

117
Q

common s/s of MI

A

crushing, stabbing pain radiating to left should, neck, and arms… unrelieved by nitro

118
Q

common s/s of cytomegalovirus infection

A

owl eye appearance of cells (huge nucleus in cells)

119
Q

common s/s of retinal detachment

A

flashes of light, shadow with curtain across vision

120
Q

common s/s of basilar skull fracture

A

raccoon eyes (periorbital ecchymosis) and battle’s sign (mastoid ecchymosis)

121
Q

common s/s of buerger’s disease

A

intermittent claudication (pain at buttocks or legs from poor circulation resulting in impaired walking)

122
Q

common s/s of DM

A

polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia

123
Q

common s/s of hirschsprung’s disease (toxic megacolon)

A

ribon-like stool

124
Q

common s/s of herpes simplex type 2

A

painful vesicle on genitalia

125
Q

common s/s of genital warts

A

warts 1-2mm in diameter

126
Q

common s/s of syphilis

A

painless chancres

127
Q

common s/s of chancroid

A

painful chancres

128
Q

common s/s of gonorrhea

A

gree, creamy discharges and painful urination

129
Q

common s/s of chlamydia

A

milky discharge and painful urination

130
Q

common s/s of candidiasis

A

white cheesy odorless vag discharges

131
Q

common s/s of trichomoniasis

A

yellow, itchy, frothy, foul-smelling veg dishcarge

132
Q

common s/s of pulmonary edema

A 
pink, frothy sputum
tachypnea
use of accessory muscles
crackles
anxiety/restlessness 
TX: furosemide
133
Q

st john’s wort

A

treats depression/anxiety.

  • Interacts with SSRI.
  • Causes sun sensitivity.
134
Q

garlic

A

lowers blood pressure and cholesterol levels. - Interacts with aspirin and warfarin.

135
Q

ginkgo biloba

A

improves memory.
- Thins the blood (don’t take with aspirin or warfarin)
don’t take w hx of seizures

136
Q

echinacea

A

immune-boosting function

  • Can cause liver toxicity in renal patients.
  • Not effective with HIV.
137
Q

ginger

A

Relieves nausea and vomiting.

- Do not take if history of deep venous thrombosis. - Interacts with blood thinners.

138
Q

black cohosh

A

treats menopausal symptoms.

- Contraindicated in pregnancy (causes premature labor)

139
Q

kava kava

A

treats insomnia and muscle pain.

- It’s associated with liver illnesses.

140
Q

saw palmetto

A

used for prostate health.

  • No specific patient teaching.
  • If it starts with G, it thins the blood. Do not give with warfarin, aspirin and heparin
141
Q

diet for acute renal disease

A

protein-restricted, high cal, fluid controlled, Na and K controlled

142
Q

diet for addison’s disease

A

high sodium, low potassium

143
Q

diet for ADHD and bipolar

A

high cal, finger foods

144
Q

diet for anemic pts

A

high protein/iron/vitamins

145
Q

diet for pts w atherosclerosis

A

low sat fats

146
Q

diet for burn pts

A

high protein, high cal, high vit c

147
Q

diet for pts with cancer

A

high cal, high protein

148
Q

diet for celiac disease

A

gluten free
NO BROW
barley, rye, oats, wheat

149
Q

diet for cholecystitis/cholelithiasis

A

low fat liquids, powder supplements high in protein/carb into skim milk
avoid fried food, pork, cheese, alc

*after surgery may need low fat diet for several weeks (low fat, high carb/protein)

150
Q

diet for chronic renal disease

A

protein-restricted, low-sodium, fluid restricted, potassium restricted, phosphorus restricted

151
Q

diet for stable cirrhosis

A

normal protein

152
Q

diet for cirrhosis with hepatic insufficiency

A

restrict protein, fluids and sodium

153
Q

diet for constipation

A

high-fiber, increased fluids

154
Q

diet for COPD

A

soft, high-cal, low carb, high-fat, small freq feedings

155
Q

diet for cushing’s disease

A

low sodium, high potassium

156
Q

diet for CF

A

increase in fluids, pancreatic enzyme replacement before or with meals, high protein, high cal in advanced stages

157
Q

diet for diarrhea

A

liquid, low fiber, regular, fluid and electrolyte replacement

158
Q

diet for diverticular disease

A

high fiber, avoid seeds

159
Q

diet for dumping syndrome i guess to avoid dumping syndrome

A

rapid passage of food: diaphoresis, diarrhea, hypotension
restrict fluids w meals, drink 1hr before or 1hr after, eat in recumbent position, lie down 20-30 mins after eating, small freqent meals, low-carb/low-fiber

160
Q

diet for gallbladder disease

A

low-fat, cal-restricted

161
Q

diet for gastritis

A

low fiber, bland diet

162
Q

diet for gout

A

low purine (no fish and organ meats)

163
Q

diet for hepatitis

A

regular, high cal, high protein

164
Q

diet for hepatobiliary

A

low-fat, high protein, vitamins

165
Q

diet for hirschsprung’s disease

A

low fiber, high cal/protein before surgery

166
Q

diet for hypertension, heart failure, CAD

A

low sodium, calorie restricted, fat controlled

167
Q

diet for kidney stones

A

increase fluid intake, calcium controlled, low-oxalate

168
Q

diet for meniere’s

A

low sodium, avoid caffeine, nicotine and alcohol

169
Q

diet for nephrotic syndrome

A

sodium restricted, high cal, high protein, potassium restricted

170
Q

diet for obesity/overweight

A

cal restricted, high fiber

171
Q

diet for ostomy

A

high cal/protein/carb, low residual before surgery

172
Q

diet for ileostomy

A

low residual diet, no meats, corn, nuts

173
Q

diet for colostomy

A

diet not restricted after 6 weeks

174
Q

diet for pancreatitis

A

low-fat, regular, small frequent feedings; tube feeding or total parenteral nutrition

175
Q

diet for peptic ulcer

A

bland diet

176
Q

diet for pernicious anemia

A 
increase vit b12
b12 shots (25-100), followed by 500-1000 shot every 1-2 months or cyanocobalamin nasal spray
177
Q

diet for phenylketonuria (pku)

A

substitutes for infants, low protein for children

178
Q

diet for pheochromocytoma

A

increase cals, vitamins, minerals intake; avoid coffee, tea, cola, tyramine foods

179
Q

diet for sickle cell anemia

A

increase fluids to maintain hydration since sickling increases when pts become dehydrated

180
Q

diet for stroke

A

mechanical soft, regular, tube-feeding

181
Q

diet for underweight

A

high cal, high protein

182
Q

diet for ulcerative colitis/crohns disease

A

high protein/cal, low fat/fiber

183
Q

diet for ulcers

A

3 meals/day, avoid T degree extremes, avoid caffeine, alc, milk/cream

184
Q

diet for ulcers post op

A

vitamin b12 parenteral for life and iron supplements

185
Q

diet for vomitting

A

fluid and electrolyte replacement

186
Q

antibiotics contraindicated in pregnancy

A 
(MCATO) 
Metronidazole* ⇒ hepatic failure  
Chloramphenicol ⇒ gray baby syndrome 
Aminoglycosides ⇒ ototoxicity 
Tetracyclines ⇒ teeth discoloration & liver failure
187
Q

drugs used to stop preterm labor tocolytics

A 
“It’s not my time” 
Indomethacin (NSAID) 
Nifedipine (Calcium channel blocker) 
Magnesium sulfate 
Terbutaline
188
Q

Hypoglycemia s/s

A 
Shakiness
Palpitations
Anxiety/arousal
Restlessness
Diaphoresis 
Pallor
189
Q

myasthenia gravis

A

autoimmune disease in which antibodies attack acetylcholine receptors
–>
weakness in skeletal muscles, esp in bulbar region (responsible for eye movement), swallowing/speaking, and breathing
–> ptosis is an expected finding

NCLEX YOU GOT THIS! (14 decks)

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