everything

Question 1

assonance

Answer 1

repetition of identical or similar vowel sounds

Question 2

meter

Answer 2

a recurring pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables that created a rhythm when spoken

Question 3

lambic meter

Answer 3

an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable

Question 4

blank verse

Answer 4

unrhymed verse that consists of lines of iambic pentameter

Question 5

free verse

Answer 5

lacks regular patterns of poetic feetBUT has more controlled rhythm than prose in terms of pace and pauses

Question 6

phonological awareness

Answer 6

the ability to perceive sound structures in spoken word, such as syllables and the individual phonemes within syllables

Question 7

phonemes

Answer 7

the sounds represented by the letters in the alphabet

Question 8

teaching phonological awareness

Answer 8

language playan exposure to a variety of sounds and contexts of sounds

Question 9

alphabetic principle

Answer 9

the use of letters and combinations of letters to represent speech sounds

Question 10

developing language skills

Answer 10

interacting with othersexperiencing language in daily lifeunderstanding that speaking and listening are necessary for effective communication

Question 11

what does KWL stand for

Answer 11

knowwonderlearn

Question 12

what does KUD stand for

Answer 12

knowunderstand do

Question 13

decoding

Answer 13

method used to make sense of printed words and figure out how to correctly pronounce themstudents must know the relationships between letters and sounds, including:-letter patterns-words are constructed from phonemes-printed word represents a word that can be spoken

Question 14

phonics

Answer 14

the process of learning to read by learning how spoken language is represented by letters

Question 15

whole language approach

Answer 15

method of teaching children to read by recognizing words as whole pieces of languagebelieves that language should not be broken down into letters, combinations of letters, or decoded

Question 16

fluency

Answer 16

the goal of literacy developmentthe ability to read and write accurately and quickly

Question 17

affixes

Answer 17

syllables attached to the beginning or end of a word to make a derivative or inflectional form of a word

Question 18

noun suffixes

Answer 18

type of suffixhas two types:argument: denotes the act of, state of, or quality ofauctioneer: denotes the doer, or one who does

Question 19

verb suffixes

Answer 19

type of suffixdenote “to make” or “to perform the act of” (soften)

Question 20

adjectival suffixes

Answer 20

type of suffixinclude suffixes such as “ful” which means “full of” ish, less, able

Question 21

literal comprehension

Answer 21

the skills a reader uses to deal with the actual words in a textinvolves skills such as -identifying the topic sentence, main idea, important facts, and supporting details-using context clues to determine the meaning ofa word -sequencing events

Question 22

critical comprehension

Answer 22

involves the prior knowledge and an understanding that written material (especially nonfiction) is the authors version and not necessarily anyone else’sinvolves analysis of meaning, evaluation, validation, questioning, and the reasoning skills a reader uses to recognize inferences and conclusions, purpose, tone, POV, themes, etc

Question 23

metacognitive skills

Answer 23

awarenessplanningself-monitoringreflectiontaking an active role in readingrecognizing reading behaviorsrelating info to prior knowledgebeing aware of text structures

Question 24

synecdoche

Answer 24

use of a part of something to signify the whole”boots on the ground”

Question 25

metonymy

Answer 25

use of one term that is closely associated with another to mean the other

Question 26

critical thinking tools while reading

Answer 26

summarizationquestion generationtextual marking

Question 27

learning approach

Answer 27

a language development theoryassumes that language is first learned by imitating the speech of adults- then solidified in school through drills about the rules of language structures

Question 28

linguistic approach

Answer 28

a language development theoryproposes that the ability to use a language is innatebiological approach- not baed on cognition or social patterning

Question 29

cognitive approach

Answer 29

a language development theorychildren must develop appropriate cognitive skills before they can acquire language

Question 30

sociocognitive approach

Answer 30

a language development theorylanguage development is a complex interaction of linguistic, social, and cognitive influences

Question 31

ad hominem

Answer 31

“against the person”attacks the character or behavior of a person taking a stand on the issue instead of the issue itself

Question 32

hasty generalizations

Answer 32

condemnations of a group based on the behavior of one person or part

Question 33

faulty causation

Answer 33

assigning the wrong cause to an event

Question 34

bandwagon effect

Answer 34

if everyone else is doing it, it must be a good thing to do

Question 35

inductive reasoning

Answer 35

using PARTICULAR FACTS to draw a general conclusionif every apple take out of the top of a barrel is rotten, the rest of the barrel is probably rotten too

Question 36

deductive reasoning

Answer 36

using GENERAL FACTS or premises to come to a SPECIFIC conclusionif Susan is a sophomore and all sophomore take geometry, Susan takes geometry

Question 37

gerund

Answer 37

verb form used as a noun

Question 38

illustrative essay

Answer 38

explains a general statement through the use of examples

Question 39

descriptive essay

Answer 39

appeals to the give senses to describe a person, place, or thing so that the readers can see the subject in their imaginations

Question 40

process essays

Answer 40

“how-to”: gives step-by-step instructions”explanation”: tells how an event occurred or how something works

Question 41

classification essay

Answer 41

type of essay that sorts information

Question 42

imperative sentence

Answer 42

gives direction or command and may be punctuated by an exclamation point

Question 43

bathos

Answer 43

an attempt to evoke pity, sorrow, or nobility that goes overboard and becomes ridiculous

Question 44

malapropism

Answer 44

confusing one word with another

Question 45

the five reasons for writing

Answer 45

1. to tell a story2. to express oneself3. to convey information4. to make an argument5. to explore ideas

Question 46

coordinating conjunction

Answer 46

a conjunction that can join two independent clauses by placing a comma and a coordinating conjunction between them

Question 47

subordinating conjunction

Answer 47

a conjunction that joins a subordinate clause with an independent clause and establishes a relationship between them

Question 48

top-down processing

Answer 48

listener refers to a background and a global knowledge to figure out the meaning of a message

Question 49

bottom-up processing

Answer 49

listener figures out the meaning of a message by using “data” obtained from what is said

Question 50

base maps

Answer 50

maps created from aerial and field surveysserve as the starting point for topographic and thematic maps

Question 51

topographic maps

Answer 51

maps that show the natural and human-made surface features of the earthincluding:mountain elevationsriver coursesroadsnames of lakes and townscountry/state lines

Question 52

thematic maps

Answer 52

maps that use a base of topographic maps as the foundation for showing data based on a themex. population, wildlife distribution, etc

Question 53

15 degrees

Answer 53

each hour of time in the time zones is equivalent to this many degrees of longitude

Question 54

prime meridian

Answer 54

greenwich, england is the location of this

Question 55

international date line

Answer 55

the halfway point, at the 180th meridianthe place where each day begins and ends on Earth

Question 56

cartography

Answer 56

the art and science of mapmaking

Question 57

absolute location

Answer 57

the exact point where coordinates meet

Question 58

Tropic of Cancer

Answer 58

the latitude that is 23.5 degrees north of the equator

Question 59

Tropic of Capricorn

Answer 59

the latitude that is 23.5 degrees south of the equator

Question 60

the tropics

Answer 60

the region between the tropic of cancer and capricorn

Question 61

subtropics

Answer 61

the areas located between 23.5 and 40 degrees north/south of the equator

Question 62

arctic circle

Answer 62

the latitude 66.5 degrees north of the equator

Question 63

antarctic circle

Answer 63

the latitude 66.5 degrees south of the equator

Question 64

the four main biomes

Answer 64

forestsgrasslandsdesertstundra

Question 65

the five main climate zones

Answer 65

tropicaldrytemperatecontinentalpolar

Question 66

climate

Answer 66

the long term average weather conditions of a place

Question 67

orogeny

Answer 67

the process in which tectonic plates push up the crust to form mountains

Question 68

carrying capacity

Answer 68

the maximum, sustained level of use an environment can incur without sustaining significant environmental deterioration that would eventually lead to environmental destruction

Question 69

three different points of view that can be used to study history

Answer 69

spaceenvironmentchronology

Question 70

the five themes of geography

Answer 70

locationplacehuman-environment interactionmovementregions

Question 71

geomorphology

Answer 71

the study of landformsa science that considers the relationships between geological structures and surface landscape featuresprocesses that change features: erosion, deposition, plate tectonics

Question 72

landforms

Answer 72

landscape featuresthe highest order are continents and oceans

Question 73

foothills

Answer 73

low series of hills found between a plain and a mountain range

Question 74

mesas

Answer 74

flat areas of upland

Question 75

deltas

Answer 75

accumulation of silt deposited at the river mouths into the seabedeventually converted into very fertile, stable ground

Question 76

basins

Answer 76

low areas that catch water from riverslarge hollows that dip to a central point and are surrounded by higher groundareas of inland drainage in a desert where water can’t reach the sea

Question 77

marshes

Answer 77

wet lowlands with no trees are always wet because of frequent floods and poor drainage that leave shallow water;ex. grasses, rushes, reeds, typhas, sedges, herbs

Question 78

swamps

Answer 78

wet lowlands with trees and dry periodsthe water is very slow-moving and is usually associated with adjacent rivers or lakes

Question 79

taiga

Answer 79

world’s largest forest regionlocation of huge mineral resources and fur-bearing animals

Question 80

tundra

Answer 80

marshy plain in an area that has very cold climate and receives little snow

Question 81

humid continental climate

Answer 81

has four seasons, including a cold winter and a hot summer, and sufficient rainfall for raising crops

Question 82

prairie climates

Answer 82

found in the interiors of asia and north america where there are dry flatlands

Question 83

subtropical climates

Answer 83

very humid areas in tropical areasthe moisture, carried by winds traveling over warm ocean currents, produces long summers and mild winters

Question 84

marine climates

Answer 84

climates surrounded by water; warm ocean winds bring moisture, mild temperatures year round, and plentiful rain

Question 85

physical geography

Answer 85

study of climate, water, and land and their relationship with each other and humanslocates and identifies the earth’s surface features and explores how humans thrive in various locations according to crop and goods production

Question 86

cultural geography

Answer 86

study of the influence of the environment on human behaviors as well as the effect of human activities such as farming, building settlements, and grazing livestock on the environment

Question 87

physical location

Answer 87

placement of the hemispheres and continents

Question 88

political location

Answer 88

divisions within continents that designate various countries

Question 89

natural resources

Answer 89

things provided by nature that have commercial value to humansex. minerals, timber, fish, wildlife, and landscape

Question 90

renewable resources

Answer 90

resources that can be replenishedex. wind, solar radiation, tides, and water (with proper conservation)

Question 91

nonrenewable resources

Answer 91

resources that cannot be replenishedcannot be replaced or reused once they are burnedex. fossil fuels such as oil and metal ores

Question 92

commodities

Answer 92

natural resources that have to be extracted and purified rather than created

Question 93

map projections

Answer 93

a system for representing the Earth’s curvatures on a flat surface through the use of a grid that corresponds to the lines of latitude and longitude

Question 94

conical projections

Answer 94

type of map projection that superimposes a cone over the sphere of the earth

Question 95

cylindrical projection

Answer 95

type of map projection in which meridians are mapped using equally spaced vertical lines and circles of latitude (parallels) are mapped using horizontal lines

Question 96

azimuthal

Answer 96

stereographic projection onto a plane so centered at any given point that a straight line radiating from the center to any other point represents the shortest difference

Question 97

sumer

Answer 97

established the first known writing systemadvanced the development of the wheel and irrigationurbanized their culture with cluster of cities

Question 98

egypt

Answer 98

united by the nile riversettled in villages on the banksnational religion that held pharaohs as godscentral governmentwriting, libraries

Question 99

indus valley

Answer 99

unified culture of luxury and refinementno known national governmentadvanced civic systemprosperous trade routes

Question 100

common traits of early empires

Answer 100

strong militarycentralized governmentcontrol and standardization of commercemoneytaxesweight systemofficial language

Question 101

greece

Answer 101

started as a group of city states that were united by Alexander the Great and joined to create an empire

Question 102

middle ages

Answer 102

period that ran from approx. 500-1500 A.D. during this time, centers of European civilization moved from Mediterranean countries to France, Germany, and England

Question 103

the crusades

Answer 103

recurring wars between european Christians and middle east muslims

Question 104

charlemagne

Answer 104

created an empire across france and germany around 800 AD

Question 105

protestant reformation

Answer 105

began as an attempt to reform the catholic church, but eventually led to the separation of it

Question 106

martin luther

Answer 106

posted 95 Theses on the door of a church in Saxony

Question 107

95 Theses

Answer 107

document posted by Martin Luther that criticized unethical practices, various doctrines, and the authority of the pope

Question 108

Renaissance

Answer 108

renewal of interest in ancient Greek and Latin art, literature and philosophy14th-16th centuries

Question 109

Jacques Cartier

Answer 109

French explorer that explored the St. Lawrence seaway

Question 110

Samuel de Champlain

Answer 110

founded Quebecset up a fur empire on the St. Lawrence Seaway also explored the coasts of MA and RI

Question 111

Fr. Jacques Marquette and Louis Joilet

Answer 111

the first Europeans to travel down the Mississippi

Question 112

Rene-Robert de la Salle

Answer 112

Explored the Great Lakes and Illinois and Mississippi Riversclaimed all of the land from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico and from the Appalachians to the Rockies for France

Question 113

Juan Ponce de Leon

Answer 113

first European in Floridadiscovered the Gulf Streamsearched for the fountain of youth

Question 114

Alonso Alvarez de Pineda

Answer 114

charted the gulf coast from Florida to Mexicoclaimed TX for Spain

Question 115

Panfilo de Narvaez

Answer 115

claimed Florida for Spain, then sailed the Gulf Coast

Question 116

Hernando de Soto

Answer 116

first European to explore the southeastern US from Tallahassee to Natchez

Question 117

Sir Walter Raleigh

Answer 117

landed on Roanoke Island in 1585

Question 118

Jamestown

Answer 118

first permanent English colony founded by Captain John Smith in 1607

Question 119

pilgrims

Answer 119

name for the 24 puritan families sent by the virginia company to virginia on the mayflower

Question 120

sons of liberty

Answer 120

protest group led by Sam Adams that incited the Revolution

Question 121

Boston Massacre

Answer 121

march 1770soldiers fired on a crowd and killed people

Question 122

committees of correspondence

Answer 122

set up throughout the colonies to transmit revolutionary ideas and create a unified response

Question 123

first continental congress

Answer 123

held in 1774 to list grievances and develop a response; attached by all the colonies except Georgia

Question 124

shot heard round the world

Answer 124

1775, Lexington and ConcordEnglish soldiers on their way to confiscate arms in Concord passed through Lexington

Question 125

second continental congress

Answer 125

established the continental army and chose George Washington as its commanding generalalso allowed printing of money and created government offices

Question 126

treaty of paris

Answer 126

1782signaled the official end of the revolutionary war

Question 127

articles of confederation

Answer 127

had two major elements that proved unworkable-no centralized national government-no centralized power to tax or regulate trade with other nations or between statesdesigned to protect states’ rights over those of the national government

Question 128

the federalist papers

Answer 128

written by James Madison

Question 129

Louisiana Purchase

Answer 129

1803, purchased by Thomas Jefferson for $15 millionto gain NOLAremove threat of french interference along MS riverdouble the territory of the US

Question 130

war of 1812

Answer 130

causes of the war included-british attempts to restrict U.S. trade-the royal navy’s impressment of American seamen -America’s desire to expand its territorythough washington DC was captured and burned, American troops were able to repulse British invasions in NY, Baltimore, NOLA—- boasting national confidence and fostering a new spirit of patriotism

Question 131

treaty of ghent

Answer 131

ended the war of 1812when the british ended the war with France, they negotiate for peace with the US as well

Question 132

monroe doctrine

Answer 132

1823warned European power to cease colonization of Central and South America or face military intervention by the USin return, the US would not meddle in the political affairs of standing colonies in Europe

Question 133

missouri compromise

Answer 133

an effort by congress to defuse the sectional and political rivalries triggered by the request of Missouri late in 1819 for admission as a state in which slavery would be permittedat the time, the US contained twenty-two states, evenly divided between 11 slave and 11 free-maine was bought on as a free state and the southern border of missouri was set as the northernmost line of any slave territory-western states could come in as free states-arkansas and floida could be slave states

Question 134

manifest destint

Answer 134

popular belief during the 1840’s that it was the right and duty of the US to expand westward to the pacific

Question 135

Andrew Jackson

Answer 135

the election of this president is seen as the beginning of the modern political party system as well as the start of the democratic party

Question 136

Indian Removal Act of 1830

Answer 136

took natives out of territories that whites wanted to settle

Question 137

trail of tears

Answer 137

removed cherokees from georgia and relocated them to oklahoma

Question 138

nullification

Answer 138

the right of states to nullify any federal laws that they thought unconstitutional

Question 139

whig party

Answer 139

party that started as an opposition to Jackson’s authoritarian policiesparticularly concerned with defending the supremacy of Congress over the executive branch, states rights, economic protectionism, and modernization

Question 140

Susan B. Anthony

Answer 140

women’s rights and abolition activistshe lectured across the nation for suffrage, property and wage rights, and labor organizations for women

Question 141

Dorothea Dix

Answer 141

created the first American asylums

Question 142

Frederick Douglass

Answer 142

escaped slave who became an abolitionist leader, government official, and writer

Question 143

william lloyd garrison

Answer 143

abolitionist and the editor of the Liberator, a leading anti-slavery newspaper

Question 144

joseph smith

Answer 144

founded the latter day saints and wrote the book of mormon

Question 145

horace mann

Answer 145

leader of the common school movement that made public education a right for all americans

Question 146

elizabeth cady stanton

Answer 146

held the seneca falls convention in 1848demanding women’s suffrage and other reforms

Question 147

compromise of 1850

Answer 147

calling upon the principle of popular sovereignty, allowed those who lived in Mexican cession to decide for themselves whether to be a slave or a free territory

Question 148

fugitive slave law of 1850

Answer 148

allowed slave owners to go into free states to retrieve their escaped slaves

Question 149

kansas-nebraska act of 1854

Answer 149

repealed the missouri compromise of 1820 and allowed the lands from the LA Purchase to settle the slavery issue by popular soverignty

Question 150

dred scott vs. sanford

Answer 150

ruled that congress had no authority to exclude slavery from territories, which in effect, meant that the MO Compromise had been unconsitutionalupheld property rights over human rights in the case of a slave who had been transported to a free state by his master, but was still considered a slave

Question 151

jefferson davis

Answer 151

the former US senator who was the president of the confederacy

Question 152

robert e lee

Answer 152

led the army of northern virginia and the central confederate force

Question 153

ulysses s. grant

Answer 153

received lee’s surrender at the appomattox court house in VA in april of 1865

Question 154

reconstruction

Answer 154

period from 1865 to 1877 during which the South was under strict control of the U.S. governmentall state governments from the former confederacy were terminated and military occupation began

Question 155

13th ammendment

Answer 155

declared slavery illegal

Question 156

14th ammendment

Answer 156

made all persons born or naturalized in the U.S. citizens and forbade any state to interfere with their fundamental rights

Question 157

15th ammendment

Answer 157

made it illegal to deny individuals the right to vote on the grounds of race

Question 158

gilded age

Answer 158

period of enormous wealth and grossly opulent lifestyle enjoyed by a handful of powerful families

Question 159

two dates between which the US population doubled due to immigration

Answer 159

1860-1890

Question 160

progressive era

Answer 160

1890s-1920sreform-minded political leaders who wanted to export a just and rational social order (democracy, humanity, cleaning up city govs, improve housing, healthy, edu) to the rest of the world while increasing trade with foreign markets-national gov. strengthened, created lots of programs

Question 161

spanish-american wars

Answer 161

resulted because america sided with cuba for its independence struggle against Spain; resulted with Cuba, Puerto Rico, Philippines, and Guam becoming American territories + Hawaii

Question 162

open door

Answer 162

policy that the US had with China in 1900

Question 163

federal reserve system

Answer 163

1913established to supervise banking and commerce

Question 164

fair trade commition

Answer 164

1914established to ensure fair competition in banking and commerce

Question 165

19th ammendment

Answer 165

voting rights for women

Question 166

18th ammendment

Answer 166

prohibition

Question 167

decade of optimism

Answer 167

after WWIlife improved due to Henry Ford’s mass production, better roads, electric lights, airplanes, communications, etc

Question 168

reasons for the stock market crash

Answer 168

increased credit buyingbank war debtshuge gap between the rich/poorbelief that the stock market would always go up

Question 169

allies in WWI

Answer 169

britanfrancerussiagreeceitalyromaniaserbialater the US

Question 170

central powers of WWI

Answer 170

germanyaustria-hungarybulgariaturkey

Question 171

span of WWI

Answer 171

1914-1918

Question 172

the year that wilson declared war and the US entered WWI

Answer 172

1917

Question 173

axis powers WWI

Answer 173

germanyjapanitaly (until it changed to allied)

Question 174

allied powers WWI

Answer 174

US (in 1941); britain, freeFrance/colonies, Russia

Question 175

the truman doctrine

Answer 175

1947 policy designed to protect free peoples everywhere against oppression

Question 176

marshall plan

Answer 176

1948 policy that devoted $12 billion to rebuild western europe and strengthen its defenses

Question 177

the organization of the american states

Answer 177

established to bolster democratic relations in the Americas

Question 178

the berlin blockade

Answer 178

soviets tried to starve out west berlin, so the US provided massive supply drops by air

Question 179

north atlantic treaty organization

Answer 179

formed to militarily link the US and western Europe so that an attack on one was an attack on both

Question 180

the cuban missile crisis

Answer 180

stand-off between the US and the Soviet Union over a build-up of missiles in Cubaeventually, soviets stopped their shipments and a nuclear war was averted

Question 181

year president kennedy was assassinated

Answer 181

1963

Question 182

year robert kennedy and MLK Jr were assassinated

Answer 182

1968

Question 183

spiro t. agnew

Answer 183

vice president who resigned in october 1973

Question 184

president appoints, senate ratification

Answer 184

process that is used to appoint a new VP

Question 185

separation of powers

Answer 185

power is divided among the three government branches: legislative, executive, judicial

Question 186

checks and balances

Answer 186

system that enforces the separation of powers and ensures that each branch has the authority and ability to restrain the powers of the other two branches

Question 187

judicial review

Answer 187

judges in the federal courts ensure that no act of government is in violation of the Constitutionif an act is unconstitutional, the judicial branch has the power to nullify it

Question 188

federalism

Answer 188

division of power between the central government and local governments, which limits the power of the federal government and allows states to deal with local problems

Question 189

classical republic

Answer 189

representative democracysmall groups of elected leaders represent the interests of the electorate

Question 190

oligarchy

Answer 190

small, usually self-appointed elite rules a region

Question 191

liberal democracy

Answer 191

government based on the consent of the people that protects individual rights and freedoms from any intolerance by the majority

Question 192

2nd amendment

Answer 192

right to bear arms

Question 193

3rd amendment

Answer 193

no quartering of soldiers

Question 194

4th amendment

Answer 194

search and seizure

Question 195

5th amendment

Answer 195

provisions regarding prosecution

Question 196

6th amendment

Answer 196

right to a speedy/public trial, calling of witnesses

Question 197

7th amendment

Answer 197

right to trail by jury

Question 198

8th amendment

Answer 198

freedom from excessive bail or cruel punishment

Question 199

9th amendment

Answer 199

these rights are not necessarily the only rights

Question 200

10th ammendment

Answer 200

powers not prohibited by the constitution are reserved to the states

Question 201

national powers

Answer 201

can coin moneyregulate interstate and foreign traderaise and maintain armed forcesdeclare wargovern US territoriesadmit new statesconduct foreign relations

Question 202

concurrent powers

Answer 202

can levy and collect taxesborrow moneyestablish courtsdefine crimesset punishmentsclaim private property for public use

Question 203

state powers

Answer 203

can regulate trade/business within the stateestablish public schoolspass license requirementsregulate alcoholconduct electionsestablish local governments

Question 204

delegated powers

Answer 204

powers granted by the constitution

Question 205

enumerated powers

Answer 205

powers specifically spelled out in the constitution

Question 206

implied powers

Answer 206

powers not expressly stated in the constitution,but are reasonably suggested by the enumerated powers

Question 207

inherent

Answer 207

powers not expressed by the constitution but ones that the national govs have historically possessed, such as granting diplomatic recognition

Question 208

23 amendment

Answer 208

gave washington dc the power to vote

Question 209

21 amedment

Answer 209

ended prohibition

Question 210

26th amendment

Answer 210

set the minimum voting age at 18 years

Question 211

marbury v. madison

Answer 211

established judicial review as a power of the supreme court

Question 212

brown vs. board of education

Answer 212

1954 the court ruled that segregation was a violation of the Equal Protection Clause”separate but equal” was unconstitutional

Question 213

plessy v. furguson

Answer 213

ruled that segregation was permitted as long as the facilities were equal; “separate but equal”

Question 214

miranda vs. arizona

Answer 214

1966made the reading of miranda rights to those arrested for crimes the law–

Question 215

year of the gettysburg address

Answer 215

1863

Question 216

the fourteen points

Answer 216

made by woodrow wilson on january 18, 1918outlined the plans for peach and the league of nations

Question 217

brandenburg gate speech

Answer 217

made by ronald reagan in 1987contained the famous line “tear down this wall”

Question 218

northwest ordinance of 1787

Answer 218

established a government for the Northwest Territoryoutlines the process for admitting a new state to the unionguaranteed that newly created states would be equal to the original thirteen states

Question 219

washington’s farewell address

Answer 219

emphasized neutralityset precedent for two termswarned against political parties

Question 220

the alien and sedition acts

Answer 220

-made it harder for an immigrant to become a citizen (naturalization act)-allowed the president to imprison and deport non-citizens who were deemed dangerous (alien friends act) or who were from a hostile nation (alien enemies act)-criminalized making false statements that were critical of the federal government (sedition act)

Question 221

homestead act

Answer 221

encouraged western migration by providing settlers 160 acres of public landin exchange, homesteaders paid a small filing fee and were required to complete five years continuous residence before receiving ownership of the land

Question 222

emancipation proclomation

Answer 222

delivered by Lincoln, declared that “all persons held as slaves” within the rebellious states “are, and henceforward shall be free”

Question 223

supply

Answer 223

the amount of product or serve available to customers

Question 224

demand

Answer 224

how much consumers are willing to pay for the product or service

Question 225

command economy

Answer 225

the type of economy where the government controls what and how much is produced, the methods for production, and the distribution of goods and services

Question 226

market economy

Answer 226

where producers make decisions about methods and distribution on their ownchoices are made based on what will sell and bring in a profit in the marketplaceconsumers ultimately affect these decisions by choosing whether or not to buy certain goods and services. US.

Question 227

factor market

Answer 227

consists of people who exchange their services for wagespeople are sellers and companies are buyers

Question 228

product market

Answer 228

selling of products to the people who want to buy themthe people are buyers and the companies are sellerscreates a circular economic flow in which money goes from producers to work as wages, then flows back to producer in the form of payment for products

Question 229

information seeking behavior theory

Answer 229

students progress through levels of question specificity, from vague notions of the information needed to clearly defined needs or questions.students are more successful in the search process if they have a realistic understanding of the information system and problem

Question 230

empirical research

Answer 230

original data gathering and analysis through direct observation or analysis

Question 231

reflex angle

Answer 231

angle with a degree measure greater than 180 but less than 360

Question 232

full angle

Answer 232

an angle with a degree measure of exactly 360 degrees

Question 233

triangle inequality theorem

Answer 233

the sum of the measures of any two sides of a triangle is always greater than the measure of the third side

Question 234

compound event

Answer 234

event that involved two or more independent events

Question 235

permutation

Answer 235

an arrangement of a specific number of a set of objects in a specific order

Question 236

combination

Answer 236

an arrangement of a specific number of a set of objects WITHOUT a specific order

Question 237

complement of an event

Answer 237

the probability that something will NOT happen

Question 238

conditional probability

Answer 238

the probability of an event once another event has already occurred

Question 239

expected value

Answer 239

method of determining expected outcome in a random situation

Question 240

empirical probability

Answer 240

number of times an outcome occurs in a particular experiment or a certain number of observed events

Question 241

theoretical probablility

Answer 241

based on what should happen

Question 242

discrete data

Answer 242

information that can only be expressed by a specific value (people can only be counted in whole numbers)

Question 243

continuous data

Answer 243

information that can be expressed by any value within a given range

Question 244

primary data

Answer 244

information that has been collected directly from a survey, investigation, or experiment

Question 245

secondary data

Answer 245

data that has been collected, sorted, and processed by the researcher

Question 246

standard deviation

Answer 246

expressed how spread out the values of a distribution are from the meanhigh= values are spread outlow= values are close together

Question 247

the five essential elements of literacy

Answer 247

phonological awarenessphonicsfluencyvocabulary comprehension

Question 248

fluency

Answer 248

the ability to read a text quickly, accurately, and with proper expression

Question 249

vocabulary

Answer 249

the knowledge of words and word meanings

Question 250

comprehension

Answer 250

alll of phonological awaress, phonics, fluency, and vocab

Question 251

graphemes

Answer 251

a small unit of written language that represents a speech sound (ex. a letter or a cluster of letters)

Question 252

phonemes

Answer 252

the smallest unit of speech, which makes a distinction between different words

Question 253

onset

Answer 253

the consonant/s preceding the vowel in a syllable; in a spoken syllable, the beginning consonant sound

Question 254

rime

Answer 254

in a spoken syllable, the vowel the consonant that comes after that vowel

Question 255

phonogram

Answer 255

rime written downsounds written down

Question 256

morphemes

Answer 256

the smallest meaningful part of a language

Question 257

unvoiced consonants

Answer 257

do not cause a vibration of the vocal chords when you say themex. “f” in fat and “c” in come

Question 258

long vowel

Answer 258

say their namesex. paint, bean

Question 259

short vowel

Answer 259

dont say their nameex. cap, beg

Question 260

vowel digraph

Answer 260

there are two vowel letters, but you only hear one sound

Question 261

vowel dipthong

Answer 261

there are two vowel sounds, but you hear a blend of the two sounds

Question 262

schwa sound

Answer 262

when a vowel does not make its usual sound

Question 263

r-controlled vowels

Answer 263

whenever it follows a vowel, it makes the “r” sound

Question 264

consonant digraph

Answer 264

when there are 2-3 consonants, but you do not hear both of the soundsex. “ch” in chair

Question 265

consonant blend

Answer 265

when there are 2-3 consonants but they blend together so that you are able to hear each soundex. “bl” in blend

Question 266

word recognition skills

Answer 266

1. sight vocabulary (high frequency words and decodable words)2. decoding ability3. words from context

Question 267

voiced consonants

Answer 267

does cause a vibration of the vocal chords when you say themex. “v” in vat/voice; “g” in gum

Question 268

receptive vocabulary

Answer 268

words one can identify when heard or read

Question 269

expressive vocabulary

Answer 269

words one can use in speaking or writing

Question 270

denotation

Answer 270

the literal meaning of a word

Question 271

connotation

Answer 271

the associations or feelings that a word communicates in addition to its literal meaning, and that can be positive or negative

Question 272

general academic vocabulary

Answer 272

words that are encountered in a variety of academic contexts

Question 273

domain-specific vocabulary

Answer 273

words that occur almost exclusively in a specific academic context (mathematical processes, scientific terms, geographic labels, etc)

Question 274

reading comprehension

Answer 274

a multifaceted thinking process; making meaning

Question 275

literal comprehension

Answer 275

basic, picks out main ideas, sequence, note similarities and differences, and states reasons

Question 276

inferential comprehension

Answer 276

use clues in the text, imply information, use personal background knowledge, make predictions, determine authors purpose

Question 277

critical comprehension

Answer 277

analyze symbolic meaning, distinguish fact from opinion, draw conclusions

Question 278

evaluative comprehension

Answer 278

most sophisticated, judge the value of a text against criteria, detect bias, faulty reasoning, determine effectiveness

Question 279

informational texts

Answer 279

also called nonfictiona text presenting accurate information that was written to instruct readers

Question 280

literacy textss

Answer 280

use language that appeals to the senses far more than informational textsdiffer from informational texts in many wayscome in genres; have settings, characters, plots, and themes; and use language in unique ways

Question 281

close reading

Answer 281

attending carefully to and analyzing a text; this process involves several readings of the same text and is usually guided by a teacher to build greater understanding of how an author has structured ideas and developed arguments or a point of view

Question 282

tier 1 vocabulary

Answer 282

basic wordscommon words, usually socially low frequency words, domain specific

Question 283

tier 2 vocabulary

Answer 283

school words, used more frequently in written languagehigh frequency words, found in many content areas

Question 284

how many phonemes are in the english language?

Answer 284

44

Question 285

onset

Answer 285

the beginning consonant or consonant blend

Question 286

rime

Answer 286

includes the syllable’s vowel and it’s remaining consonants

Question 287

phonics

Answer 287

the study of the relationship between the spoken sounds in words and the printed letters that correspond to those soundsaka letter sound correspondence ^

Question 288

a teacher says “hat” and instructs the students to produce the sounds that they hear in the word. Which strategy is the teacher using to build phoneme awareness?a. phoneme blendingb. phoneme deletionc. phoneme segmentationd. phoneme substitution

Answer 288

c. phoneme segmentationthe strategy of phoneme segmentation requires students to separate the phonemes in a word

Question 289

root

Answer 289

typically derived from latin or greek and establish the bases of new words

Question 290

affix

Answer 290

added to words or roots to change their meaningsconsist of prefixes, added to the beginning of a word or root, and suffixes, added to the end of the word or root

Question 291

use roots and affixes to determine the meaning of the underlined word: monograph most nearly meansa. a mathematical conceptb. a written study of a single subjectc. an illness caused by a virusd. a boring piece of art

Answer 291

b. a written study of a single subjectthe prefix mono means one, and the root word graph means written

Question 292

use roots and affixes to determine the meaning of the underlined word: my sister is a polyglot, and comfortably travels all over the worlda. a person who speaks many languagesb. a person who loves to travelc. a person who is extremely intelligentd. a person who is unafraid of new places

Answer 292

a. the prefix poly means many and the suffix -glot means in a language or tongue

Question 293

reading fluency is composed of what three factors?

Answer 293

rate, accuracy, and prosody

Question 294

reading rate

Answer 294

the speed and fluidity with which a student can readdetermined by the number of words read correctly per minute or the length of time

Question 295

reading accuracy

Answer 295

refers to a student’s reading ability to recognize or decode words correctly

Question 296

prosody

Answer 296

encompasses the range of vocal expressions a reader uses when reading aloudit includes rhythm, intonation, and stress patterns

Question 297

which of the following is an example of prosody?a. using appropriate vocal clues when reading aloudb. decoding words correctly when reading aloudc. reading at an appropriate speed when reading aloudd. reading smoothly and steadily when reading aloud

Answer 297

a. using appropriate vocal clues when reading aloud

Question 298

what is an inference based on?a. facts and specific examples in the textb. details of the text and the reader’s knowledge of the topic of the textc. understanding the author’s purpose d. understanding the author’s tone

Answer 298

b. details of the text and the reader’s knowledge of the topic of the textin order to read between the lines, readers must use their own knowledge as well as draw on the information provided

Question 299

what is one way students could determine the central idea of a text?a. by summarizing the passageb. by crossing out all irrelevant detailc. by highlighting all sentences that mention the main topicd. by identifying the main points and deciding which one is supported by all of the points and details

Answer 299

d. by identifying the main points and deciding which one is supported by all of the points and details

Question 300

text leveling (complexity) is determined by what three factors?

Answer 300

quantitative measuresqualitative measuresreader and task considerations

Question 301

quantitative measures

Answer 301

include readability scores determined by computer algorithms that evaluate text elements such as word frequency and sentence length

Question 302

qualitative measures

Answer 302

include analysis of text elements such as structure, language clarity, and knowledge demands

Question 303

reader and task considerations

Answer 303

determined by the professional judgement of educators who match texts to particular students, classes, and/or tasks on their inherent needs

Question 304

which of the following is true of quantitative measures of text complexity?a. they are task considerations determined by professional judgementb. they are analytical measurements determined by knowledge demandsc. they are statistical measurements determined by computer algorithmsd. they are leveling measurements determined by text structure

Answer 304

c. they are statistical measurements determined by computer algorithmsquantitative measures are objective and based on statistics

Question 305

which of the following can be classified as persuasive writing?a. an advertisement for a new productb. a research paper on the effects of climate on ecosystemsc. a poem about the ocean on a foggy dayd. a short story with a suspenseful plot

Answer 305

a. an advertisement for a new productpersuasive writing aims to influence to the reader to agree with what is state and to act accordingly

Question 306

which of the following elements shapes each paragraph in the writing task?a. the thesisb. the topic sentencec. the drafting staged. the outline

Answer 306

b. the topic sentencethe topic sentence for each paragraph introduces the ideas that the paragraph will discuss

Question 307

primary sources

Answer 307

original materials that are representative of an even, experience, place, or time period

Question 308

secondary sources

Answer 308

inform about events, experiences, places, or time period, but the information is provided by someone who was not directly involved and who used primary sources to discuss the material

Question 309

which of the following is considered a reliable source for research about california?a. a personal blog about living in californiab. a research paper published by the state of californiac. an advertisement for california real estated. a letter to the editor about california roadways

Answer 309

b. a research paper published by the state of californiaa published study by a government institution is a reliable research source

Question 310

choose the correct verbyesterday, I (laid/lay) on the couch for hours

Answer 310

lay

Question 311

choose the correct verbwe (sat/set) the ladder upright

Answer 311

set

Question 312

choose the correct verbthe egg was (rising/raising) in the water as it boiled

Answer 312

rising

Question 313

list all of the adjectives used in the following sentence”Her camera fell into the turbulent water, so her frantic friend quickly grabbed the damp item”a. turbulent, frantic, dampb. turbulent, frantic, quickly, dampc. her, turbulent, her, frantic, dampd. her, the, turbulent, her, frantic, the, damp

Answer 313

d. her, the, turbulent, her, frantic, the, dampd. turbulent, frantic, and damp are adjectives; her is modifying first camera and then friend; and the is always a limiting adjective- the definite article

Question 314

list all of the pronouns used in the following sentence”Several of the administrators who had spoken clearly on the budget increase gave both of the opposing committee members a list of their ideas”a. several, of, theirb. several, who, bothc. several, who, both, theird. several, both

Answer 314

b. several, who, bothseveral is an indefinite plural pronoun; who is a relative pronoun introducing the adjectival clause who had spoken clearly on the budget increase; both is an indefinite plural pronoun

Question 315

prepositional phrase

Answer 315

begins with a preposition and ends with an object of the preposition

Question 316

verb phrase

Answer 316

is composed of the main verb along with its helping verbs

Question 317

noun phrase

Answer 317

consists of a noun and its modifiers

Question 318

appositive phrase

Answer 318

a particular type of noun phrase that renames the word or group of words that precedes itusually follow the noun they describe and are set apart by commas

Question 319

verbal phrases

Answer 319

begin with a word that would normally act as a verb but is instead filling another role within the sentencecan act as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs

Question 320

complex sentence

Answer 320

has two or more independent clause and one or more dependent clauses

Question 321

compound-complex sentence

Answer 321

has two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses

Question 322

what is the LCM of the numbers 10 and 12?a. 2b. 24c. 60D. 120

Answer 322

c. 60write out the multiples for each number10: 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 6020: 12, 24, 36, 48, 60

Question 323

cardinal directions

Answer 323

north, east, south, and west

Question 324

intermediate directions

Answer 324

between each point

Question 325

middle latitudes

Answer 325

from latitudes 23.5 to 55.5 north and southhave a greater variety of climates, determined more by proximity to water than by the exact latitude

Question 326

high latitudes

Answer 326

from latitudes 66.5 north and south of the polesare home to two climates: tundra and taiga

Question 327

low latitudes

Answer 327

from the equator to latitudes 23.5 north and south, have three distinct climates

Question 328

tundra

Answer 328

features extremely cold and long winters

Question 329

which of the following are major physical regions in the continental United States?a. humid continental, humid subtropical, Mediterranean, marine, desertb. humid continental, humid subtropical, taiga, tundra, Mediterranean c. humid continental, Mediterranean, marine, taiga, tropical rainforestd. the sun belt, the bible belt, the coasts

Answer 329

a. humid continental, humid subtropical, mediterranean, marine, desertthese are all major physical regions in North America

Question 330

which of the following is not an example of human geography?a. studying the importance of trade among Central American countriesb. examining regional differences in cuisine around the worldc. studying the distribution of fauna and flora in North Americad. deciding whether to build retail outlets based on local population

Answer 330

c. studying the distribution of fauna and flora in North Americastudying only fauna and flora is physical geography; the geographer is not studying human interactions with or impact on the Earth

Question 331

socialization

Answer 331

the process where individuals learn skills, beliefs, values, and behavior patterns of society and how these can influence their own norms and customs

Question 332

primary socialization

Answer 332

occurs when children learn the values, actions, and attitudes that are appropriate for members of their particular culture

Question 333

secondary socialization

Answer 333

occurs when an individual learns the appropriate values, actions, attitudes, and behaviors as a member of a smaller group within a larger society

Question 334

what are three major forms of social interactions?a. culture, counterculture, and subcultureb. celebrations, language, and belief systemsc. government, schools, and businessesd. cooperation, exchange, and conflict

Answer 334

d. cooperation, exchange, and conflictthese are the three primary forms of social interaction

Question 335

Sumerians

Answer 335

emerged in the near East (eventually expanding into parts of Mesopotamia)developed cuneiform, the earliest known example of writing to use characters as wordscuneiform allowed advanced government and administration

Question 336

the Code of Hammurabi

Answer 336

in the 18th century BCE, king Hammurabi developed courts and this early codified rule of lawmeted out justice on an equal basis- “an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth”

Question 337

Mandate of Heaven

Answer 337

under the Zhou dynasty, China developed this conceptstates that the emperor had a divine mandate to rule, based on an understanding that the land was divinely inherited

Question 338

according to Confucianism, an ideal societya. is based on respect for authority and wisdom, making harmonious interaction a priorityb. allows respectful debate and discussion to encourage learning and the development of wisdomc. encompasses a diverse group of people, to gather wisdom from different culturesd. values hierarchy and enforces a caste system

Answer 338

a. is based on respect for authority and wisdom, making harmonious interaction a priorityconfucious taught others to respect authority (filial piety) and encouraged group harmony

Question 339

During the pax romana, the mediterranean region was all of the following except:a. experiencing a period of relative stability under roman ruleb. a center of commercial activityc. ruled by augustus caesard. under the control of a powerful Senate

Answer 339

d. under the control of a powerful Senateafter julius caesar took power from the Senate, Rome was ruled by a powerful emperor

Question 340

Pax Romana

Answer 340

period of stability in the Mediterranean regionrome reached the height of its powerrome controlled the entire mediterranean region, europe, and much of the middle east and northern africa

Question 341

in feudal Europe, the serfs werea. enslaved by the lords and the knightsb. bonded to the land and under the protection of the lordsc. forced to fight for the lordsd. able to eventually purchase their freedom from the knights in exchange for support fighting

Answer 341

b. bonded to the land and under the protection of the lordsserfs were bonded to the land- they had to work it for the lord- however, the lord was obligated to protect thempeasants, not slaves

Question 342

while the crusade enriched Europe in many ways, it did nota. bring new knowledge to the Westb. result in lasting land gainsc. provide religious indulgences for crusadersd. offer the opportunity to gain personal wealth

Answer 342

b. result in lasting land gainseuropean powers controlled some areas in the Levant but only temporarily

Question 343

the kingdom of mali developed due to itsa. control of the trans-Saharan trade routesb. ability to repel Islamic influences from the Northc. control over gold and salt resourcesd. control all of the trans-Saharan slave trade

Answer 343

c. control over gold and salt resources

Question 344

russia built its empire bya. strengthening its navy to colonize overseasb. overland expansion, moving eastward into Asia and Siberia, and westward into Europec. remaining isolated, avoiding expansion, and focusing on industrialization insteadd. converting Asian peoples from Islam to Russian Orthodox Christianity

Answer 344

b. overland expansion, moving eastward into Asia and Siberia and westward into EuropeRussia expanded to the East, taking control of Siberia. Russia also moved westward, controlling parts of Eastern Europe

Question 345

which of the following was a result of the rise of the Ottoman Turks?a. Christian Byzantines left Constantinople for Western Europe, bringing classical learning with themb. The ottomans were able to conquer large areas, establishing a vast Islamic empirec. the Ottomans represented an Islamic threat to European Christendomd. all of the above

Answer 345

d. all of the above

Question 346

major influences on the European Renaissance includeda. cultural discoveries in North Americab. African music and culturec. the ideas of the Greek Orthodox Churchd. scientific knowledge from the Islamic empires

Answer 346

d. scientific knowledge from the Islamic empiresscience and technology from the middle east during the crusades helped inspire the Renaissance

Question 347

slaves were originally brought to the americas as part of the triangular trade in order to do all of the following excepta. work on cotton plantationsb. work on sugar plantationsc. work in colonists’ homesd. work in textile factories

Answer 347

d. work in textile factoriesfactories developed during the industrial revolution, and so were not present in the colonies while the slave trade was active

Question 348

in south america, how was the inca empire able to consolidate its power?a. they used military tech to conquer neighboring peoplesb. they converted people to their own religion, gaining followers and loyal subjectsc. they used their mastery of high altitude transportation to expand their empired. they grew their empire of bringing in migrants from other parts of south america

Answer 348

c. they used their mastery of high altitude transportation to expand their empireadvanced transportation in high altitude terrain enabled the inca military to range widely throughout the Andes

Question 349

the power of the catholic church was diminished during the Reformation due toa. its unwillingness to protect the indigenous people of the americasb. the discoveries of the scientific revolutionc. the growth of islam in western europed. its failure to capture the holy land during the crusades

Answer 349

b. the discoveries of the scientific revolutionthe scientific revolution, humanism, and logic brought into question church teachings long regarded as fact, undermining church power

Question 350

which of the following best describes the motivation for the reformer martin luther?a. he originally sough to develop a new form of christianity separate from the catholic churchb. he tried to reform the catholic church because he was unhappy with its teachings and its corruptionc. he was influenced by european political leaders, who used him to limit the power of the churchd. he used to topple the catholic church, but believing it to have become too corrupt

Answer 350

b. he tried to reform the catholic church because he was unhappy with its teaching and its corruptionmartin luther and his followers opposed corruption in the church and wanted changes

Question 351

which of the following led to the french revolution?a. food shortages, heavy taxation of the peasants and bourgeoisie, and Enlightenment thoughtb. the rise of Napoleon and militarization of French culturec. the congress of vienna and shifting diplomatic alliances in Europed. the concentration of power under the monarchy that resulted from the reign of Louis XIV

Answer 351

a. food shortages, heavy taxation of the peasants and bourgeoisie, and Enlightenment thoughtthe peasants and bourgeoisie were dissatisfied with bearing the brunt of a heavy tax burden; meanwhile, poor harvests led to food shortages and panic in rural areas. these factors, along with englightenment thought and recent revolutions elsewhere, spurred the French revolution

Question 352

during the 1884 Berlin Conference, European imperial powersa. negotiated trade agreements with important Chinese citiesb. established Apartheid in south africac. determined which parts of africa would be controlled by which european powersd. formed the triple alliance

Answer 352

c. determined which parts of africa would be controlled by which european powersthe 1884 berlin conference determined the division of africa among the European imperial powers. this was done without regard for or consultation with Africans

Question 353

the Meiji Restoration wasa. a Japanese attempt to restore traditional Japanse cultural practicesb. a period of modernization and westernization in Japanc. the early stage of Japanese imperialism in Asia, where it invaded Koread. a cultural movement in Japan to restore Shintoism and traditional poetry

Answer 353

b. a period of modernization and westernization in Japanthe meiji restoration was a period of industrialization and westernization in Japan

Question 354

according to adam smith, in a free marketa. the government does not interfere with the economyb. workers own the means of productionc. wages and private property have been abolishedd. a dictatorship is necessary to maintain a strong economy

Answer 354

a. the government does not interfere with the economyin laissez-faire (or free market) theory, the government lets the invisible hand of the market correct problems in the economy

Question 355

while the beginning of the second world war is usually understood to be hitler’s invasion of poland, some scholars date it to even earlier. which of the following events do some scholars identify as the beginning of WWII?a. the rape of nanjingb. the japanese takeover of koreac. the japanese invasion of manchuriad. the chinese civil war

Answer 355

c. the japanese invasion of machuriagiven japan’s role as an axis power and the conflict in East asia, some historians believe that WWII began with Japan’s invasion of manchuria in 1931

Question 356

which of the following happened to jewish people under the nazi regime?a. their homes and businesses were attacked and destroyedb. they were forced to live in ghettoes, overcrowded neighborhoods with poor living conditionsc. they were sent to concentration camps and murderedd. all of the above

Answer 356

d. all of the above

Question 357

what was going on in Egypt around 2500 BCE

Answer 357

their civil institutions, administrative structure, written language art, and architecture were all becoming well developedthe religious framework of ancient egypt had become established, with a complex mythology of various godsalso developed astronomy and the twenty-four hour system of measuring timethe famous pyramids were erected at Giza

Question 358

the burial tombs in egypt were for who?

Answer 358

hatsheptsutthutmose IIIakhenatenramesses II

Question 359

____ architecture influenced many civilizations in the Western world

Answer 359

egyptian

Question 360

shang dynasty

Answer 360

first known dynasty in chinaemerged around the second millenium BCEdeveloped the earliest known chinese writing- helped unite chinese-speaking people all throughout the regionfeatured the use of bronze technology, horses, wheeled technology, walled cities, and more

Question 361

zhou dynasty

Answer 361

after the shangchina developed the mandate of heaven under this dynastyconfucious lived toward the end of this dynasty

Question 362

qin dynasty

Answer 362

(221-206 BCE)after zhou?characterized by central administration, expanded infrastructure, standardization in weights and measures, writing, currency, and strict imperial controlestablished by the first emperor Qin Shihuangdifoundation of Chinese administration in the 20th century

Question 363

Qin Shihuangdi

Answer 363

the administrative bureaucracy was established by him and it was the foundation of Chinese administration until the 20th centuryconstructed the Great Wall of Chinatomb is guarded by famous terracotta figurines

Question 364

Golden Age

Answer 364

athens was the strongest of many political bodies, and much of greece was unified under athens following the peloponnesian war between athens and spartamuch of hellenic art, architecture, and philosophy emerged- including the parthenonsocrates began teaching philosophy and later influenced plato and aristotle

Question 365

Julius Caesar

Answer 365

popular military leader widely supported by the Populare (the people)the roman people wanted a more democratic republicthe senate weakened due to its own corruption and JC, forced them to give him controlbegan to transition rome from a republic to what would become an empire consolidated and centralized imperial controlwas assassinated in 44 BCE

Question 366

Augustus Caesar

Answer 366

JC nephew, previously known as Octavianeventually gained control in 27 BCEbecame the first roman emperorrome reached the height of its power and the mediterranean region enjoyed a period of stability known as the Pax Romana

Question 367

Pax Romana

Answer 367

period of stability in the Mediterranean rome controlled the entire Mediterranean region, Europe, and much of the Middle East and North AfricaLatin literature flourished, as did art, architecture, philosophy, mathematics, science, international trade, etc

Question 368

Middle Ages

Answer 368

aka Dark Agesfall of Rome to about the 10th centuryunstable, chaotic, and unsafeany protection and stability was represented and maintained by the Catholic church and feudal system

Question 369

feudalism

Answer 369

a hierarchy where land and protection were offered in exchange for loyalty

Question 370

which of the following is an example of cross-cultural comparison?a. a chef studies variations in a recipe that are based on the diner’s preference for sweetsb. a thai husband learns different holiday traditions from his wife, who is chinesec. students compare the prices of groceries in different citiesd. a career coach helps clients determine their goals

Answer 370

b. a thai husband learns different holiday traditions from his wife, who is Chinesereviewing different holiday celebrations exemplifies studying different cultures

Question 371

all of the following contributed to the destruction of Native American populations in North America except:a. colonists overuse of natural resources such as bison and timberb. transfer of small pox from Europeans to Native Americansc. violent conflict over land and resources between Europeans and Native Americansd. geographical displacement by colonists

Answer 371

a. colonists overuse of natural resources such as bison and timbercolonists use of natural resources had little impact on the size of the Native American population

Question 372

the intolerable acts included all of the following except:a. the boston port actb. the quartering actc. the alien and sedition actsd. the massachusetts government act

Answer 372

c. the alien and sedition actsthe alien and sedition acts were implemented through john adam’s administration

Question 373

what advantage did the colonists have over the british in the american revolution?a. vast financial wealthb. superior weaponryc. strong leadership and knowledge of the terraind. a professional military and access to mercenaries

Answer 373

c. strong leadership and knowledge of the terrainthe colonial military did have strong leaders, and an intimate knowledge of the terrain, having been born there

Question 374

what did the missouri compromise accomplish?a. it admitted missouri as a free stateb. it admitted california as a free statec. it allowed slavery in new mexico and utah to be decided by popular soverigntyd. it banned slavery north of the thirty-sixth parallel

Answer 374

d. it banned slavery north of the thirty-sixth parallelthe missouri compromise prohibited slavery north of the thirty-sixth parallel in the new US territories, permitting slavery in missouri

Question 375

which of the following effectively repealed the missouri compromise?a. the dred scott decisionb. the compromise of 1850c. the kansas-nebraska actd. the fugitive slave act

Answer 375

c. the kansas-nebraska actthis act allowed slavery north of the thirty-sixth parallel throughout the plains and the western territories which the missouri compromise had previously forbidden

Question 376

what assets did the confederacy have during the civil war?a. the confederacy had superior weaponry and production resourcesb. the confederacy maintained brisk trade with Europe, enabling it to fund the warc. the confederacy benefited from strong military leadership and high moral among the populationd. the confederacy’s strong infrastructure allowed it to transport supplies and people efficiently throughout the south

Answer 376

c. the confederacy benefited from strong military leadership and high moral among the populationthe confederacy had excellent miltary leaders, and much of the population strongly believed in the right of the states to make decisions without federal interference

Question 377

in the emancipation proclamation, president lincoln declared an end to slavery….a. in kentucky and missourib. in the union onlyc. in slave states that had not seceded from the uniond. in the rebel states

Answer 377

d. in the rebel statesthe emancipation proclamation feed the slaves in the confederacy

Question 378

the reconstruction acts..a. immediately improved conditions for African Americans in the southb. immediately benefitted the Southern economyc. were widely considered fair in congress and by the southernersd. imposed northern military control over the south

Answer 378

d. imposed northern military control over the souththe reconstruction acts effectively placed the south under martial law

Question 379

even after the end of slavery, african americans in the rural south still suffered due to..a. sharecropping, which kept them in heavy debt, often to their former “masters”b. the colored farmer’s alliance, which was organized to limit their efforts to become independent farmersc. the reconstruction acts, which specifically punished southern blacks who did not join the Union armyd. labor unions, which advocated for the white workers’ rights in factories in urban areas and ignored rural issues

Answer 379

a. sharecropping, which kept them in heavy debt, often to their former “masters”sharecropping perpetuated racial inequality in the south

Question 380

the US entered WWI largely because of which of the following?a. the Zimmerman telegramb. the rise of the Nazi Germanyc. the assassination of Franz Ferdinandd. the attack on Lusitania

Answer 380

a. the Zimmerman telegramthe ZT, a German offer to assist Mexico in attacking the US, forced the US to enter WWI, following a series of other German provocations

Question 381

during FDR’s terms in office, which of the following was created?a. medicareb. social securityc. the federal reserved. all of the above

Answer 381

b. social securitythe social security act was part of the new deal

Question 382

segregation was found unconstitutional by which of the following supreme court decisions?a. brown vs. board of educationb. plessy vs. fergusonc. scott vs. sanfordd. korematsu vs. US

Answer 382

a. brown vs. board of educationthis found that keeping races separate (in this case, in segregated schools) could not ensure that all people would receive equal treatment, and that segregation was therefore unconstitutional

Question 383

how did martin luther king and other activists achieve civil rights for black Americans?a. through violet uprisingsb. using nonviolencec. with the help of the Soviet Uniond. by lobbying Congress only

Answer 383

b. using nonviolencenonviolence was a defining characteristic of the mainstream civil rights movement

Question 384

which of the following is an example of social liberal policy enacted during the presidency of barack obama?a. the passage of an equal rights amendment to the constitutionb. the legalization of same-sex marriage throughout the USc. reduction in rates of imprisonmentd. a more equitable, progressive income tax

Answer 384

b. the legalization of same sex marriage throughout the USsame-sex marriage became legal in the US in 2015

Question 385

which of the following is NOT one of the amendments in the bill of rights?a. citizens have the right to bear armsb. the senate must have equal representationc. citizens have the power of eminent domaind. the government cannot quarter troops in private homes

Answer 385

b. the senate must have equal representationthe bill of rights does not determine representation in congress

Question 386

implied powers are powers thata. are specifically listed in the constitutionb. belong to the statesc. are not specifically listed but are needed to perform other listed dutiesd. exist because the United States is a sovereign nation

Answer 386

c. are not specifically listed but are needed to perform other listed dutiespowers that are not listed but are necessary for the functioning of the government are called implied powers. they are made possible by the elastic cause

Question 387

which of the following terms best describes a situation in which the federal government prevents the only internet service company in a local community from raising its prices?a. economic regulationb. social regulationc. opportunity costd. scarcity

Answer 387

a. economic regulationin this instance of economic regulation, the gov. is controlling the prices by preventing a monopoly

Question 388

which of the following cannot shift a demand curve?a. changes in incomeb. price of related goodsc. production costsd. consumer tastes

Answer 388

c. production costs can impact the supply curve, but not the demand curve

Question 389

which of the following best descibes an independent variable?a. the amount of paint a painter needs to paint a roomb. the number of errors a student gets on a testc. the dosage and timing of an anti-inflammatory drug to test its impactd. how much time it will take to drive between Houston and San Antonio

Answer 389

c. the dosage and timing of an anti-inflammatory drug to test its impactthe doctor or scientist who carries out the experiment controls the timing and dose

Question 390

which of the following are examples of primary sources?a. original photographs, first-hand newspaper reports, textbooks, and interviewsb. memoirs, original photographs, first-hand newspaper reports, and diary entriesc. speeches, newspaper reports, essays, and reviewsd. essays, reviews, textbooks, and analytical papers

Answer 390

b. memoirs, original photographs, first-hand newspaper reports, and diary entries

Question 391

which of the following events contributed to the US’ entry into WWII?a. germany’s unrestricted submarine warfareb. the attack on pearl harborc. the battle of britainc. the battle of the bulge

Answer 391

b. the attack on pearl harboron dec 7, 1941, japan bombed pearl harbor, hoping to prevent the US from interfering with its intent to invade southeast Asia and other territories such as Guam and Hong Kong

Question 392

which of the following factors might contribute to inflation?a. high interest rates and a low amount of printed currencyb. high unemployment ratesc. a decrease in supply and a low amount of printed currencyd. a decrease in supply and a large amount of printed currency

Answer 392

d. a decrease in supply and a large amount of printed currencyinflation occurs when prices increase. both of these factors contribute to inflation

Question 393

luther and barbara wanted to start a business in the engineering field. they were trying to decide between hiring one staff member and using the leftover money to purchase new inventory, or hiring two staff members to increase their marketing research. these choices would be an example ofa. needsb. scarcityc. opportunity costd. supply and demand

Answer 393

c. opportunity costOC refers to the cost of the loss of one option when it is rejected for another (in this case, if Luther and Barbara choose to hire one staff member, they lose the marketing potential another employee would make possible, whereas if they choose to hire two, they lose the leftover money)

Question 394

which of the following continents is located in both the Eastern and Western hemispheres?a. europeb. africac. north americad. a and b

Answer 394

d. a and b

Question 395

which of the following events is recognized as the beginning of the american civil war?a. the battle of palmito ranchb. the battle of fort sumterc. the missouri compromised. the battle of yorktown

Answer 395

b. the battle of fort sumteron april 12, 1861, the confederate army attacked the union-controlled fort sumter in charleston, south carolina, triggering the US civil war

Question 396

which of the following most contributed to the fall of the ancient egyptians?a. the death of cleopatrab. alexander the great conquering the landc. severe droughtsd. canaanite settlers entering egypt

Answer 396

a. the death of cleopatraafter the death of cleopatra, ancient Egypt became part of the roman empire

Question 397

which of the following is most likely a lasting influence ancient romans had on modern society?a. the development of direct democracyb. the usage of columns in architecturec. the development of republican democracyd. literacy

Answer 397

c. the development of republican democracybefore it was an empire, rome was a republic led by senators elected to the senate

Question 398

which of the following is not a true statement about the ancient greek civilization?a. men and women lived in different parts of a houseb. they built aqueducts to carry water to public toiletsc. greek cities had an agorad. socrates was a famous greek philosopher

Answer 398

b. they built aqueducts to carry water to public toiletsthe ancient romans, not the ancient greeks, built aqueducts and developed public toilets

Question 399

which of the following terms describes the economic principle of allowing industry to grow without any government intervention?a. interdependenceb. free-market economyc. communismd. monopoly

Answer 399

b. free-market economyin a free-market economy, the price of goods and services are determined by sellers and consumers

Question 400

which of the following does not describe gender roles?a. gender roles feature behaviors considered appropriate by each sex by society, which generally acknowledges only male and femaleb. there is a consensus that gender roles are socially constructedc. gender roles center on the ideas of masculinity and feminityd. prevailing gender roles have been challenged

Answer 400

b. there is a consensus that gender roles are socially constructedthere is a debate over the degree to which gender is defined by physical features, social and cultural expectations, or both

Question 401

which of the following would be the most useful for studying population patterns within the state of texas over a period of time?a. a bar graph detailing population numbers over a period of thirty yearsb. a map with the number of people living in different parts of texas in the year 2000c. a photograph showing how many people were at a state faird. a bar graph detailing population percentages compared with other states

Answer 401

a. a bar graph detailing population numbers over a period of thirty yearsa bar graph that features the population over a number of years would help researchers analyze population patterns

Question 402

which of the following presidents were responsible for the new deal?a. herbert hooverb. rutherford hayesc. franklin d. rooseveltd. jimmy carter

Answer 402

c. franklin d. rooseveltFDR supported laws that helped those unemployed and impoverished due to the Great Depression

Question 403

which of the following is not a responsibility of the executive branch?a. approving lawsb. making lawsc. implementing lawsd. enforcing laws

Answer 403

b. making lawswhile the executive branch can approve them, only congress can make laws

Question 404

which of the following describes a significant effect on the depletion of the ozone layer?a. people get darker skinb. more UV rays enter the earthc. increased skin cancer rates, build up of greenhouse gases, and increased UV levelsd. increased build-up of greenhouse gases

Answer 404

c. increased skin cancer rates, build up of greenhouse gases, and increased UV levels

Question 405

which of the following constitutional amendments is NOT considered part of the bill of rights?a. the right to bear armsb. the right to address witnesses arranged by the government when on trial c. the right to equal protection under the lawd. freedom of speech

Answer 405

c. the right to equal protection under the lawthe bill of rights is composed of the first ten amendments. the 14th guarantees equal protection under the law

Question 406

antitrust law strengthens market forces to prevent monopolies. Which of the following terms best describes the implementation of the antitrust law?a. social regulationb. economic regulationc. health regulationd. social security

Answer 406

b. economic regulationantitrust law breaks up monopolies to allow fair competition within the economy

Question 407

which of the following is an example of human geography?a. studying climateb. studying the spread of christianity across the worldc. studying the effect of land features on animals and plantsd. studying continental movement over a period of time

Answer 407

b. studying the spread of christianity across the worldhuman geography studies the relationship between humans and the physical world; studying how christianity spread worldwide would need to address this relationship

Question 408

which of the following is a positive effect of urbanization?a. increased tenement housingb. sanitary conditionsc. political machinesd. increased employment opportunities

Answer 408

d. increased employment opportunitiesurbanization itself is the development of urban areas due to the arrival of job seekers; employment opportunities are themselves pull factors

Question 409

asking citizens to be civil minded and independent and making people as a whole sovereign is characteristic of..a. republicanismb. governmentc. economicsd. communism

Answer 409

a. republicanismrepublicanism also stresses natural rights as central values

Question 410

a map of france shows a small box around the Nice. Nice is portrayed in greater detail in a box at the bottom. which of the following terms describes this box?a. legendb. insetc. compassd. insert

Answer 410

b. insetan inset features details tat are considered important on a map

Question 411

which of the following did NOT contribute to the outbreak of the american revolution?a. the boston tea party, in which colonists threw 298 chests of tea into the seab. Britain banning further westward expansion with the proclamation of 1763c. general thomas gage ordering troops to capture thomas jefferson and samuel adamsd. charles townshend taxing glass, oil, lead, and paint

Answer 411

c. general thomas gage ordering troops to capture thomas jefferson and samuel adamswhile troops were ordered to capture samuel adams, they were not asked to capture thomas jefferson

Question 412

which of the following is an event that successfully ended the cold war?a. the august coupb. the fall of the berlin wallc. the cuban missle crisisd. the success of the sputnik program

Answer 412

a. the august coupthis 1991 event in which members of the Soviet government attempted to take control from Mikhail Gorbachev contributed to the dissolution of the USSR, effectively ending the Cold War

Question 413

which of the following established the concept of judicial review?a. the john peter zenger trialb. marbury v. madisonc. the dred scott cased. the scopes monkey trail

Answer 413

b. marbury v. madison

Question 414

which of the following is an example of the separation of powers?a. no members of congress can serve in another branch of govb. the president cannot vote on legislationc. checks and balancesd. all of the above

Answer 414

d. all of the above

Question 415

which of the following is a significant contribution of ancient china?a. mahjongb. toothbrushesc. gunpowderd. the animal zodiac

Answer 415

c. gunpowdergunpowder is one of the most important inventions of ancient china

Question 416

which of the following best exemplifies a global marketplace?a. a US freelancer goes on vacation in paris and does remote work for a US clientb. a business in the united states orders parts from taiwan, india, and mexico and then assembles the final product in germanyc. a commercial website purchases inventory from chinad. appliances share a standardized electrical system

Answer 416

b. a business in the united states orders parts from taiwan, india, and mexico and then assembles the final product in germanya global marketplace involves the exchange of good and labor around the world

Question 417

which of the following periods contributed to advancements of mathematics in ancient greece?a. the classical period (500-336 BC)b. the early bronze age (2900-2000 BC)c. the hellenistic period (336-146 BC)d. the archaic period (750-500 BC)

Answer 417

c. the hellenistic period (336-146 BC)this period in time saw advancements such as the pythagorean theorem and the calculation of the circumference of the earth

Question 418

Fred wants to write a paper on benjamin franklin and his influence on science. He wants to include franklin’s theories about electricity. Which of the following resources should he use?a. a chart depiciting what devices used electricity after the invention of the lightbulbb. an essay about the effects of lightningc. a newspaper report on Franklin’s many inventionsd. a draft specific report Frank wrote on electricity

Answer 418

d. a draft specific report Frank wrote on electricitythis is a primary resource that delves into the thought process behind franklin’s theories on electricity

Question 419

which of the following lands was acquired during the louisiana purchase?a. the land roughly bordered by the rocky mountains, the mississippi river, and the rio grande riverb. the land roughly bordered by the rocky mountains, the mississippi river, and the northern border of modern-day Texasc. the land between the rocky mountains and the missisippi river and modern-day georgiad. the land roughly bordered by the rocky mountains and the missisippi river, and including modern-day new mexico

Answer 419

b. the land roughly bordered by the rocky mountains, the mississippi river, and the northern border of modern-day Texasnapolean sold this section of land in 1803 to finance his european wars

Question 420

which of the following major events in US history led to a decline in immigration?a. the immigration act of 1965b. the immigration act of 1924 and the Great Depressionc. WWI, the great depression, and the immigration act of 1924d. the great depression only

Answer 420

b. the immigration act of 1924 and the Great Depression

Question 421

which of the following was NOT a consequence of the scarcity of oil that led to the energy crisis in the 1970’s?a. the president urged US citizens to heat only one room in their homes in the winterb. the automotive industry suffered as japan created more fuel-efficient vehiclesc. political leaders asked gas stations to close for one day a weekd. oil prices were high for most of the decade

Answer 421

a. the president urged US citizens to heat only one room in their homes in the winterthe british prime minister recommended limiting heat usage in winter; the US president did not

Question 422

which of the following is not a responsibility of the president of the US?a. setting foreign policyb. writing legislationsc. delivering the State of the Union addressd. pardoning felons

Answer 422

b. writing legislationsthe president is responsible for enforcing law, not creating it

Question 423

a sign on the freeway indicated that you are 150 miles from the city of pittsburg. this shows youra. absolute locationb. physical geographyc. geographic featured. relative location

Answer 423

d. relative locationthe purpose of the neutrality acts was to prevent direct and indirect US interference in armed conflict overseas

Question 424

why did congress pass the neutrality acts?a. only to prevent the United states from loaning any money to nations at warb. to help the united states have the best chance of winning a foreign warc. to prevent the united states from engaging in civil ward. to prevent direct and indirect US involvement from foreign conflict

Answer 424

d. to prevent direct and indirect US involvement from foreign conflictthe purpose of the NA was to prevent direct and indirect US interference in armed conflict overseas

Question 425

which of the following emerged during WWI?a. penicillinb. aircraft carriersc. radard. nuclear power

Answer 425

b. aircraft carriersthe first time an airplane flew from a ship was in 1912

Question 426

which of the following was a method people used to prevent risk of discovery when helping slaves escape through the underground railroad?a. escape routes were usually indirect in order to confuse pursuersb. escape routes were usually direct to get slaves to freedom more quicklyc. children stayed with their mothersd. information about routes was passed along by small notes

Answer 426

a. escape routes were usually indirect in order to confuse pursuersroutes were indirect to thwart pursuers chasing escapees and their allies

Question 427

which of the following historical figures was a major architect of the US constitution?a. thomas jeffersonb. george washingtonc. james madisond. patrick henry

Answer 427

c. james madisonmadison not only advocated the ratification of the Constitution; he had also helped to write the Federalist Papers

Question 428

which of the following protects freedom of religion in the US?a. separation of powersb. the first amendmentc. power of eminent domaind. popular soverignty

Answer 428

b. the first amendmentthe first amendment protects freedom of religion, as well as freedom of speech, assembly, the press, and the right of the people to petition the government

Question 429

which of the following amendents prevents the government from quartering troops in private homes?a. 7thb. 4thc. 3rdd. 9th

Answer 429

c. 3rdthe third forbids quartering troops in homes, an abuse suffered by Americans under British rule

Question 430

a project in which students research and explore significant contributions made by their community is an example ofa. questioning onlyb. collaborationc. data interpretation onlyd. inquiry-based learning

Answer 430

d. inquiry-based learningin inquiry-based learning, students gather relevant sources and interpret them in order to develop their own conclusion

Question 431

a student completes a research project on significant events of the american revolution. which of the following is an appropriate method to determine the credibility of the resources that he or she has used to conduct research?a. checking the author and date of researchb. reviewing website design and writing stylec. assuming all online resources are not credibled. reviewing website design and domain name

Answer 431

a. checking the author and date of researchthis helps to determine if the information is credible and up-to-date

Question 432

which of the following were part of the New England colonies?a. New York, Connecticut, and Massachusettsb. Connecticut, Massachusetts, and New Hampshirec. New Hampshire, Massachusetts, and New Jerseyd. New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware

Answer 432

b. Connecticut, Massachusetts, and New Hampshire

Question 433

which of the following are considered geographical features on a map?a. plains, plateaus, valleys, and mountainsb. continents, plateaus, cardinal directions, and mountainsc. bodies of water, plains, plateaus, and contriesd. plains, plateaus, areas depicting agricultural products, and mountains

Answer 433

a. plains, plateaus, valleys, and mountainsgeographical features depict the physical aspects of a plane on a map

Question 434

which of the following ideas from Thomas Hobbes influenced the US Constitution?a. individual rights should take priority over collective rightsb. people should give up some of their rights and form a government to ensure order in societyc. communism is the only way to govern peopled. people should create a utopia to avoid the evils of government

Answer 434

b. people should give up some of their rights and form a government to ensure order in societyhobbes advocated governments creating and ensuring social order

Question 435

which of the following examples could be used to describe the theme of respect to elementary school students?a. defending ones beliefs even when they are unpopularb. paying a parking ticketc. returning a library book on timed. foregoing an opportunity to cut a line

Answer 435

d. foregoing an opportunity to cut a line

Question 436

which of the following is considered a negative consequence of the civil war?a. sharecropping in the southb, the south was forgiven for leaving the unionc. adding amendments to the constitution to address equal protection for people under the lawd. the Union helped the South rebuild roads and farms

Answer 436

a. sharecropping in the southsharecropping enabled landowners in the south to maintain control of former slaves

Question 437

which of the following statements best describes reconstruction in the US after the civil war?a. debates over legalizing slavery in the US were ongoingb. during its military occupation of the South, the Union developed Black Codes to appease disaffected Southern aristocrats who had lost slavesc. Northern troops occupied the south to ensure that laws were being followed and to help reunite the country after the civil ward. President Lincoln led reconstruction efforts

Answer 437

c. Northern troops occupied the south to ensure that laws were being followed and to help reunite the country after the civil warduring reconstruction, there were efforts to rebuild the devastated South, which was under Union military occupation following the civil war

Question 438

the framers instituted a system of checks and balances because they were concerned about a. one branch of government gaining too much powerb. mob rulec. the military taking over the governmentd. the states overpowering the national government

Answer 438

a. one branch of government gaining too much powerthe purpose of checks and balances was to prevent tyranny in any branch of the government

Question 439

which of the following is true about the Trail of Tears?a. the trail of tears drove native americans to indian territory (later, Oklahoma) because white settlers no longer required their assistance in agricultural productionb. removal treaties were enacted fairly and peacefullyc. the indian removal act of 1831 began the forced relocation of native americans that yeard. the cherokee nation was forced to give up land east of the mississippi river during andrew jackson’s presidency

Answer 439

d. the cherokee nation was forced to give up land east of the mississippi river during andrew jackson’s presidencythis series of events happened in 1838 and 1839

Question 440

which of these is a biome?a. desertb. cornfieldc. herd of bisond. beehive

Answer 440

a. deserta biome is a large ecological community that includes specific plants and animals.

Question 441

what is the name of the phenomenon when a star suddenly increases in brightness and then disappears from view?a. aurorab. galaxyc. black holed. supernova

Answer 441

d. supernovabefore a star collapses, the star burns brighter for a period of time and then fades from view. this is a supernova

Question 442

what term describes the resistance to motion caused by one object rubbing against another object?a. inertiab. frictionc. velocityd. gravity

Answer 442

b. frictionfriction occurs when motion is impeded because one object is rubbing against another object

Question 443

which plant orbits closest to earth?a. mercuryb. venusc. jupiterd. saturn

Answer 443

b. venusvenus’s orbit is closest to Earth. Venus is the second planet from the Sun and Earth is the third planet from the Sun

Question 444

which tool is used to measure the mass of an object?a. a thermometerb. a graduated cylinderc. a balanced. an abacus

Answer 444

c. a balance

Question 445

which organism has cells that contain mitochondria?a. whaleb. mushroomc. tulipd. all of the above

Answer 445

d. all of the above

Question 446

which condition can be diagnosed by an electrocardiogram (EKG)?a. diabetesb. torn ligamentsc. cancerd. tachycardia

Answer 446

d. tachycardiatachycardia is an abnormally fast heartrate, and electrocardiograms show the electrical activity of the heart

Question 447

what is an example of mechanical weathering?a. calcium carbonate reacts with water to form a caveb. an iron gate rustsc. tree roots grow under the foundation of a house and cause cracksd. bananas turn brown after they are peeled

Answer 447

c. tree roots grow under the foundation of a house and cause cracksmechanical weathering includes breaking a substance down without changing the composition of the substance

Question 448

what are the negatively charged particles inside an atom?a. protonsb. neutronsc. electronsd. ions

Answer 448

c. electronselectrons are negatively charges particles in an atom; electrons orbit the nucleus

Question 449

organisms in the same class are also in the same ____a. phylumb. orderc. genusd. species

Answer 449

a. phyluma kingdom is the largest group of living things. a kingdom is then subdivided into progressively smaller groups in the following order: kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species (KPCOFGS: Keep Pots Clean or Family Gets Sick)

Question 450

which type of rock forms when lava cools and solidifies?a. igneousb. sedimentaryc. metamorphicd. sandstone

Answer 450

a. igneousigneous rock form when liquid rock cools and solidifies

Question 451

which unit measures pressure?a. kilometersb. gramsc. grams per secondd. pounds per square foot

Answer 451

d. pounds per square foot

Question 452

which organism regulates its body temperature externally?a. lobsterb. dolphinc. whaled. pelican

Answer 452

a. lobsterthe metabolic rate of crustaceans is too low to regular their temperature. crustaceans use behavioral techniques, such as moving to shallow water, to maintain body temperature.

Question 453

which organism is a decomposer?a. apple treesb. mushroomsc. goatsd. lions

Answer 453

b. mushroomsmushrooms are fungi. fungi break down organic material left by dead animals and plants, making them decomposers

Question 454

which pH level is classified as a base?a. 2b. 4c. 6d. 8

Answer 454

d. 8bases have a pH between 7 and 14

Question 455

which body system is responsible for the release of growth hormones?a. digestive systemb. endocrine systemc. nervous systemd. circulatory system

Answer 455

c. endocrine system

Question 456

which example illustrates physical change?a. water becomes iceb. batter is baked into a cakec. an iron fence rustsd. a firecracker explodes

Answer 456

a. water becomes icewhen water changes form, it does not change the chemical composition of the substance. once water becomes ice, the ice can easily turn back into water

Question 457

which energy source is nonrenewable?a. waterb. windc. coald. sunlight

Answer 457

c. coalcoal is nonrenewable because once coal is burned, it cannot be quickly replaced

Question 458

how long does it take the earth to rotate on its axisa. one hourb. one dayc. one monthd. one year

Answer 458

d. one dayearth takes approx. 24 hours to rotate on its axis

Question 459

which organism is a reptile?a. crocodileb. frogc. salamanderd. salmon

Answer 459

a. crocodilereptiles like crocodiles have scaly skin, are hatched from eggs on land, and are cold-blooded. amphibians are frogs (or salamanders) that are hatched from eggs in water, have gills but develop lungs, and become land animals as they mature

Question 460

by what process do producers make sugars and release oxygen?a. digestionb. chloroplastc. decompositiond. photosynthesis

Answer 460

d. photosynthesisdescribes the process by which plants convert the energy of the sun into stored chemical energy (glucose)

Question 461

which type of wave is a longitudinal wave?a. surface waveb. light wavec. sound waved. electromagnetic wave

Answer 461

c. sound wavessound waves are longitudinal because the vibrations travel in the same direction as the energy

Question 462

which example demonstrates refraction?a. rainbowb. echoc. mirrord. radio

Answer 462

a. rainbowthe light of the sun hits rain droplets and bends into a band of colors. the bending of waves is refraction

Question 463

which factor is an abiotic part of an ecosystem?a. producersb. consumersc. waterd. decomposers

Answer 463

c. waternonliving things in an ecosystem, like air and water, are abiotic factors

Question 464

what term describes a relationship between two organisms where one organism benefits to the detriment of the other organism?a. mutualismb. parasitismc. commensalismd. predation

Answer 464

b. parasitism

Question 465

which organelle makes proteins?a. mitochondriab. cytoplasmc. vacuoled. ribosomes

Answer 465

d. ribosomesmitochondria: release chemical energy from glucose to be used by the cellcytoplasm: provides support to the cellvacuole: stores water

Question 466

which statement is true?a. earth is much closer to the sun than it is to the other starsb. the moon is closer to venus than it is to Earthc. a certain times of the year, Jupiter is closer to the sun than Earth isd. mercury is the closest planet to earth

Answer 466

a. earth is much closer to the sun than it is to the other starsthe sun is the only star in our solar system. the sun is about 93 million miles away from Earth; the next closest star is about 25 trillion miles away

Question 467

which metal attracts magnets?a. ironb. copperc. silverd. gold

Answer 467

a. iron

Question 468

which example demonstrates electrostatic attraction?a. items in a car continue to move forward when the car stops suddenlyb. tides are affected by the moonc. the moon revolves around Earthd. plastic wrap sticks to a person’s hand

Answer 468

d. plastic wrap sticks to a person’s handelectrostatic force is an attraction between charged surfaces

Question 469

in which part of a plant does photosynthesis take place?a. the rootsb. the stemc. the leavesd. the flower

Answer 469

c. the leavesthrough photosynthesis, leaves use the sun’s energy to convert carbon dioxide into glucose (food)

Question 470

which example has the least amount of kinetic energy?a. a plane flying through the skyb. a plane sitting on the runwayc. a ladybug flying toward a flowerd. a meteorite falling to Earth

Answer 470

b. a plane sitting on a runwaysomething that is not moving has zero velocity; therefore it has no kinetic energy.

Question 471

which of the following is caused by geothermal heat?a. geysersb. glaciersc. tsunamisd. tornadoes

Answer 471

a. geysersgeysers are caused by geothermal heating of water underground

Question 472

which term describes space weather?a. supernovab. black holec. volcanic lighteningd. solar flares

Answer 472

d. solar flaressolar flares are huge explosions on the sun. space weather refers to conditions in the solar system that could potentially affect the work of astronauts in space and cause auroras on earth

Question 473

which gas is found in large quantities in Earth’s atmosphere?a. carbon monoxideb. brominec. nitrogend. flourine

Answer 473

c. nitrogennitrogen makes up 78% of the earth’s atmosphere

Question 474

which term describes an element?a. atomb. moleculec. protond. ion

Answer 474

a. atom

Question 475

which statement is true?a. mass and weight are the same thingb. mass is affected by gravitational pullc. weight is affected by gravitational pulld. mass is related to the surface area of an object

Answer 475

c. weight is affected by gravitational pull

Question 476

when earth moves between the moon and the sun, it is called a a. solar eclipseb. lunar eclipsec. black holed. supernova

Answer 476

c. lunar eclipse

Question 477

which element is most common in the universe?a. carbonb. lithiumc. potassiumd. titanium

Answer 477

a. carboncommon element found in every organic compound and in the atmosphere of some planets

Question 478

which storm is least likely to form over ocean water?a. hurricaneb. typhoonc. cycloned. tornado

Answer 478

c. tornadoestornadoes form when warm air masses collide with cold air masses over land

Question 479

which substance can be used to neutralize an acid spill?a. sodium bicarbonateb. citric acidc. cat litterd. water

Answer 479

a. sodium bicarbonate

Question 480

which gas is produced by burning fossil fuels?a. heliumb. oxygenc. nitrogend. carbon dioxide

Answer 480

d. carbon dioxideCD is formed when fossil fuels containing carbon are burned. Excess carbon dioxide is responsible for global warming

Question 481

a warm air mass moving into a cold air mass is called a a. warm frontb. cold frontc. isobard. tornado

Answer 481

a. warm front

Question 482

which of the following is NOT a cause of extinction?a. poor reproductionb. climate changec. habitat conservationd. over-exploitation by humans

Answer 482

c. habitat conservationHC restores the natural habitat of organisms, protecting a species

Question 483

which term describes the top layer of the Earth’s surface?a. stratosphereb. lithospherec. atmosphered. biosphere

Answer 483

b. lithosphere

Question 484

what term describes the speed and direction of a moving soccer ball?a. velocityb. momentumc. massd. energy

Answer 484

a. velocity velocity is the speed of an object in a certain direction

Question 485

which substance is a good thermal conductor?a. plasticb. rubberc. porcelaind. aluminum

Answer 485

d. aluminumaluminum is a good thermal conductor because heat energy can easily move through it

Question 486

which example demonstrates body systems working together to maintain homeostasis?a. Jessica’s tracheotomy opened a breathing obstructionb. Max’s muscles, tendons, and ligaments allow his joints to bendc. Kevin’s bones thicken from an excessive production of growth hormonesd. Stacy shivers from the cold

Answer 486

d. stacy shivers from the coldhomeostasis refers to the body systems working together to ensure that temperature, pH, and oxygen levels are optimal for survival. Sensors in Stacy’s nervous system trigger her muscular system to shiver in an attempt to warm her body

Question 487

what is the primary role of amino acids in cells?a. break down carbohydratesb. break down fatsc. build proteinsd. filter waste

Answer 487

c. build proteinsribosomes make proteins by building amino acid chains

Question 488

what part of the atom flows through a circuit to power a lightbulb?a. protonsb. neutronsc. electronsd. nucleus

Answer 488

c. electronselectrons are negatively charged subatomic particles that exist outside the nucleus of an atom. a power source forces moving electrons through a circuit

Question 489

what term is used when the moon moves between the earth and the sun?a. aurorab. lunar eclipsec. black holed. solar eclipse

Answer 489

d. solar eclipsewhen the moon moves between the earth and the sun, a solar eclipse occurs, blocking sunlight from the planet

Question 490

which process within the rock cycle creates metamorphic rock?a. compactionb. heat and pressurec. crystallizationd. weathering

Answer 490

b. heat and pressureH&P change the composition of sedimentary rock to create metamorphic rocks

Question 491

what is NOT a characteristic of a mineral?a. naturally occurringb. organicc. solidsd. crystalline structure

Answer 491

b. organica mineral is inorganic; only a rock may be composed of organic material

Question 492

the magnitude of an earthquake refers to itsa. powerb. energy releasec. destructive abilityd. depth

Answer 492

b. energy releasethe magnitude of an earthquake refers to the energy released during the earthquake

Question 493

the rhythmic movements of water caused by the gravitational pull of the moon and sun are calleda. tidesb. currentsc. glaciersd. waves

Answer 493

a. tidestides, the rise and fall of the ocean level at shorelines, are caused by the moon and sun

Question 494

which characteristic generally increases as altitude increases in the troposphere?a. temperatureb. pressurec. densityd. none of the above

Answer 494

d. none of the abovetemperature, pressure, and density all decrease as altitude increases

Question 495

which layer of the atmosphere absorbs harmful ultraviolet radiation from the suna. the mesosphereb. the stratospherec. the troposhered. the thermosphere

Answer 495

b. the stratosphereit contains a sublayer called the ozone layer, which absorbs harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun

Question 496

enzymes are an example of which type of macromolecule?a. lipidsb. nucleic acidsc. carbohydratesd. proteins

Answer 496

d. proteinsan enzyme is protein that catalyzes a reactionlipids: fatsnucleic acid: contain DNA and RNAcarbohydrates: sugars

Question 497

the chromosomes of a eukaryotic organism are found in the a. chloroplastb. nucleusc. ribosomed. cytoplasm

Answer 497

b. nucleusthe nucleus is the organelle that carries the DNA of eukaryotic organisms

Question 498

a distinct difference between a plant cell and an animal cell is the presence ofa. ribosomesb. mitochondriac. cell walld. nucleus

Answer 498

c. cell walla plant cell is enveloped by a cell wall, but animal cells do not have cell walls

Question 499

mitosis produces two daughter cells that each have ____ number of chromosomes in the parent cella. a quarter of theb. half of thec. the samed. double the

Answer 499

c. the samemitosis creates daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell

Question 500

which of the following is true of cellular respiration?a. two molecules of ATP are produced during electron transportb. thirty-four molecules of ATP are produced during glycolysisc. thirty-four molecules of ATP are produced during the Krebs cycled. thirty-eight molecules of ATP are produces during the entire process of cellular respiration

Answer 500

d. thirty-eight molecules of ATP are produces during the entire process of cellular respirationa total of 38 are produced: two molecules from glycolysis, two molecules from the Krebs cycle, and thirty-four from electron transport