Evaluation of Drugs Flashcards
Evaluate macroscopic appearance of drug
- 1. Shape 2. Size 3. Color 4. Fracture & internal color 5. Odor 6. Taste
- Organ of senses (sound of the snapped cinnamon bark)
Organoleptic/ Morphological
evaluation
Identity and purity of the drug substance
eg. Starch is amorphous
Microscopic evaluation
- Adulterant can also be detected microscopically
Microscopic evaluation; Staining techniques
for lignified tissues
Phloroglucinol and hydrochloric acid tissues (lignin in cell walls that makes it woody
in nature)
Microscopic evaluation; Staining techniques
for cellulosic tissues (structural polysaccharide in cell wall)
Chlor-zinc iodide reagent
Microscopic evaluation; Staining techniques
for cuticularized walls (cuticle in plants-film protecting the epithelial cells)
Tincture of alkanol
Microscopic evaluation; Staining techniques
for gums and mucilages containing cells
Ruthenium red
▪ Preclinical or Bioassay
Lliving organism or their isolated living tissues are used
▪ Antibiotics, toxins and toxoids and vitamins
Pharmacologic evaluation
Pharmacologic evaluation:
Digoxin
Pigeons (Pigitalis)
Pharmacologic evaluation:
Atropine and glucagon
Cat (catropine and glucatgon)
Pharmacologic evaluation:
Oxytocin
Chickens (Manokcitocin)
Pharmacologic evaluation:
Head drop test
rabbit/rat
Pharmacologic evaluation:
Sheep plasma
Heparin (sheeparin)
Pharmacologic evaluation:
Insulin
Rabbit (rabbitsulin)
▪ Qualitative and quantitative determination of their active principles
▪ Assay - titration is the best method for determining official potency
▪ “Preliminary Phytochemical Screening
Chemical evaluation
▪ Physical characteristic or parameters with the use if physico-chemical techniques
▪ solubility, sp. Gr., optical rotation, congealing point, refractive index, melting point
▪ ex. Specific rotation of camphor
- Synthethic camphor (racemic)
- Natural camphor (Dextrorotatory)
Physical evaluation
