Brief History

Question 1

▪ Mesopotamia
▪ Made clay models of man
▪ Law of Hammurabi (772 BC)- Malpractice of surgical procedures; with corresponding penalties
▪ Medicinal plants of 250 species
▪ Mages and physicians
▪ Wheat and barley

Answer 1

Babylonians

Question 2

▪ Practice of embalming
▪ Papyrus Ebers (George Ebers)
▪ Human anatomy and use of plants
▪ Priest doctors

Answer 2

Egyptians 1550 BC

Question 3

Ayurveda (2500 BC)- * Only the innocent and pure can harvest the plants

o Traditional medicine; “Science of life”; Mother of all healing arts
o Charaka
o Sushruta – aka Book of Symptoms

Answer 3

Indians

Question 4

▪ Pedanios Dioscorides wrote De Materia Medica or the Medicinal Material (78 AD)

Ex: Aloe, belladonna, colchicum, ergot and opium
▪ Claudius Galen (Rome) - (131-200 AD)
o Father of pharmaceutical compounding
o Cold cream – Galen’s cerate * suited for irritated skin

Answer 4

Greeks

Question 5

▪ CA Seydler (1815) – Analecta Pharmacognostica
▪ JA Schidt (1811) – Lehrbuck de Materia Medica
▪ Fluckiger
o Pharmacognosy is the “Simultaneous application of various scientific
disciplines with the objective of acquiring drugs from every point of
view”
- Biologic
- Biochemical
- Economic
▪ Pelletier and Caventou – Quinine
▪ Friedrich Serturner - Morphine

Answer 5

Germans

Question 6

malpractice of surgical procedures; with corresponding penalties

Answer 6

Law of Hammurabi (772 BC)

Question 7

Only the innocent and pure can harvest the plants

Answer 7

Ayurveda (2500 BC)

Question 8

Wrote De Materia Medica or the Medicinal Material (78 AD)

Ex: Aloe, belladonna, colchicum, ergot and opium

Answer 8

Pedanios Dioscorides