evaluation criteria for skull

Question 1

the 15 degree caudad angle for PA caldwell for skull is used to?

Answer 1

throw the petrous ridges inferiorly

Question 2

the 15 degree cephalad angle for a reverse caldwell for skull is used to

Answer 2

to throw the orbits superiorly with respect to the petrous ridges

Question 3

evaluation criteria for PA caldwell for skull

Answer 3

• entire perimeter of skull is visualized
• petrous ridges in lower third of the orbits
• anterior ethmoidal air cells visualized
• no rotation or tilt

Question 4

Towne for skull evaluation criteria

Answer 4

• occipital bone and the posterior portion of the parietal bones
• dorsum sellae/ posterior clinoid processes are in the foramen magnum
• symmetric petrous ridges

Question 5

for Townes skull projections only:

both the neck flexion and caudad tube angle serve the same purposes:

Answer 5

1. to move the dorsum sellae more inferiorly within the foramen magnum
2. to move the facial bones inferiorly off of the occipital bone

Question 6

evaluation criteria for lateral skull

Answer 6

• sella turcica and dorsum sellae, anterior and posterior clinoid processes are seen
• superimposed orbital roofs
• superimposed mastoids, EAM’s and TMJ’s
• no overlap of c-spine, or mandible over skull