evaluation criteria for sinuses, orbits and nasal bones

Question 1

evaluation criteria for Caldwell for orbits

Answer 1

• no rotation or tilt
• petrous ridges visualized below infraorbital rim
• directional arrow included

Question 2

evaluation criteria for lateral nasal bones

Answer 2

• nasal bones with associated soft tissue structures
• frontonasal suture
• anterior nasal spine
• no rotation

Question 3

for sinus projections

Answer 3

• use a horizontal beam
• use a low contrast technique
• examine pt upright
• carefully manage exudate

Question 4

evaluation criteria for waters open mouth for sinuses

Answer 4

• maxillary sinuses visualized without superimposition alveolar processes of maxillae, or petrous ridges
• sphenoid sinus viewed through open mouth
• no rotation or tilt

Question 5

evaluation criteria for caldwell for sinuses

Answer 5

• frontal sinuses projected above the frontonasal suture
• anterior ethmoid bones lateral to nasal bones
• petrous ridges in lower 1/3 of orbits
• no rotation or tilt

Question 6

evaluation criteria for lateral for sinuses

Answer 6

• all paranasal sinuses are demonstrated
• no rotation or tilt

Question 7

what is the only projection that will demonstrate a sphenoid sinus effusion secondary to basal skull fracture

Answer 7

x-table lateral (dorsal decubitus)