Evaluation criteria for facial bones

Question 1

Evaluation criteria for waters for facial bones

Answer 1

• orbits, maxillae, and zygomatic arches are seen
• orbits are foreshortened
• petrous ridges projected immediately below maxillary sinuses
• no rotation or tilt

Question 2

Evaluation criteria for modified waters method

Answer 2

• petrous ridges in lower half of maxillary sinuses
• demonstrates inferior displacement of the orbital floor and/or fluid in the maxillary sinus
• orbits are less foreshortened than in a routine waters

Question 3

why is a modified waters taken?

Answer 3

taken for “blow-out” fracture of orbital floor

Question 4

Evaluation criteria for Caldwell for facial bones

Answer 4

• all anatomy superior to the maxillae is visualized: orbits, nasal septum, zygomatic bones, nasal bones
• no rotation or tilt

Question 5

Evaluation criteria for lateral position of facial bones

Answer 5

• mandible and all facial bones anterior to the EAM are seen
• no rotation or tilt: superimposed orbital roofs, EAMs, greater wings, and lesser wings of sphenoid, TMJs

Question 6

Evaluation criteria for SMV for facial bones (bilateral)

Answer 6

• symmetric zygomatic arches free of superimposition
• no rotation or tilt

Question 7

Evaluation criteria for SMV tangential projection (unilateral)

Answer 7

• zygomatic arch free of superimposition from mandible or parietal bone