Europe Part 2 Flashcards
When was the Warsaw Pact?
May 1955
When did Eisenhower talk about the Domino theory?
1954
What is SEATO and when was it formed?
South East Asia Treaty Organisation in 1954.
When was the Baghdad pact formed and where is it based?
1955 in the Middle East
When did Stalin die?
1953
What did Khruschev talk about in February 1956?
He denounced Stalin and urged a ‘peaceful co-existence’ with the west.
When did the Poles rebel against USSR?
June 1956
How many poles were killed in riots in 1956?
53
Who did Khrushchev accept as the leader of Poland?
Gomulka
Who did the USSR force out as leader of Hungary in June 1956?
Rakosi, a Stalinist
When did the students, workers and the army take to the streets in the Hungarian Uprising?
October 23rd.
What were the three leaders of Hungary?
Rakosi
Imre Nagy
Janos Kadar
When did Soviet tanks withdraw from Hungary?
October 28th.
What reforms did Imre Nagy announce on November 4th?
He announced free elections and further reforms. He also announced the decision to leave the Warsaw Pact.
What happened on November 4th?
Soviet troops moved in. 3,000-4,000 were killed and Nagy arrested and executed. Another 150,000 fled abroad.
How many East German citizens moved from East Berlin to West Berlin from 1949-58?
2 million.
What was Khruschevs ultimatum 1958?
The west had 6 months to agree a peace treaty with East Germany then leave Berlin which would become a free city.
When did Khruschev re-issue the ultimatum?
1961 due to criticism from China
When was the fence erected on east/West Berlin?
13 August 1961
When was the fence replaced by a concrete wall?
4 days later.
When did Czechslovakia demand reforms?
January 1968
Who was the leader of Czechslovakia?
Alexander Dubcek
What reforms did Dubcek make?
Equal rights, democratic elections, trade with non communist countries and no censorship of media are examples.
What cautions did Dubcek make?
He insisted to stay in the Warsaw Pact, Eastern bloc and Comecon.
Who invaded Czechoslovakia?
USSR, Hungary, Bulgaria, E. Germany and Poland
When was the Czechoslovakian invasion?
20/21 August
How many troops invaded Czechoslovakia?
400,000 troops disguised as manoeuvres.
What was the Brezhnev doctrine?
The Truman doctrine in reverse. Any communist country which attempted to make capitalist reforms, then other communist countries would act together to prevent this from happening.
What was the Czech reaction to Soviet invasion?
Passive resistance.
Civil disobedience.
Non co-operation
What were the results of the invasion?
Dubcek summoned to Moscow, reinstated but soon demoted to junior position in the forestry department and continued to work there for 20 years
Czechs felt bitter towards the USSR. Protests continued in 1969
Reforms reversed
China criticised USSR
Setback to the new mood of détente
