Détente Flashcards
What is détente?
Détente is the easing of tensions between the two superpowers and was a period marked by the signings of a series of agreements between the superpowers.
What were the reasons for détente?
Both sides feared nuclear war. Mutually Assured Destruction was no longer a deterrent
The costs of keeping up the arms race was worrying for both superpowers
Both superpowers faced massive economic problems
Both superpowers found it more difficult to control their satellites
What economic problems did the superpowers face?
The USSR was rich in raw material but needed grain and computer technology. At the same time the USA was in need of new markets for its produce which was no longer as competitive as before.
In 1972 the grain harvest failed and in 1971 the US had a trade deficit for the first time since 1945.
1973 there was an oil crisis. There was a worldwide recession. Both superpowers were suffering.
What was happening in West Germany?
Wildly Brandt steered a more independent course opening up his Ostpolitik. This was independent.
What the superpowers expect of détente?
Neither superpower saw détente as lasting peace.
The US saw it as a way of reducing rivalry and controlling Soviet ambition.
The Soviets saw détente as a way of stabilising the arms race and reducing costs. It was also seen as freeing them to extend their influence somewhere e.g. Africa and Central America
Where was their co-operation between the superpowers?
Vietnam and the Apollo-Soyuz link up in 1975.
What were some of the agreements during détente?
SALT I (Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty)- Agreement limit number of ICBMs, SLBMs, and bombers for 5 years.
Helsinki agreement- USSR got recognition of its sphere of influence through recognition of existing borders. US got agreement to respect human rights. ( All European countries, USA and Canada)
SALT II- Agreed maximum of 2,400 missile launchers. Never ratified ( USSR and USA)
