euro&world ~ security of tsarist state 🔐❌ Flashcards
intro
what was tsar nicholas II in control of ?
what does 400 mean?
- the russian empire from 1894
- the amount of years for which the russia romanvo family had ran russia
intro - k
why was russia being a large country difficult?
in the early days of his ruling how did he appear as a leader?
- over 120 million people & over 20 nationalities
- secure in his position
intro- factors & lofa
what helped the tsar secure his authority over the empire?
what is the line of argument for the essay?
- the okhrana and the army, the tsar and the role of the church
- the security of the tsarist state was NOT seriously challenged.
army - 1 ku
who were the cossacks?
what was the armies main role?
-group of elite fighting soldiers who used brutal methods to protect the tsar, as loyal to him
-to put down revolts
army - 1 ku
what did peasants do in 1902?
- took part in a protest (40,000) between Poltava and Kharkov ~ which the army intervened and stopped
army- A why is was not challenged
how many protests did the army crush, between what years?
during the protest above what happened to the peasants, and what did this mean?
- 1500 between 1883-1903
- many were arrested & executed= showed they were forced to stay underground and silenced.
army- A+ why it was challenged
what did the actions of the army cause much of within the tsarist state?
why was this the case & did this prove that they were successful or not in fufilling their role?
what ended up happening due to peoples resentment of the army?
- hatred & hostility
- it was clear they were overused with the thousands of protests they had to stop» showed they did not act as a deterent in the first place
- more protests as ppl frustrated with brutality of army
okhrana - ku
what did the okhrana have the ability to do?
how would they spy on people?
how many and where did they have bases?
- to use any means necessary to secure the tsarist state: harsh methods such as execution, torture and exiles.
- using secret agents and informants to watch then report >opposing government
- 60 stations around russia, Moscow & St Petersbourg
okhrana- A why was not challenged
what did the okhrana do in/to opposition groups which made many feared?
how many executions had their been since 1917 & what did this prove & make sure of?
- infiltrate workers unions & political parties, spy leaders» exile
- 26,000 opponents executed, able to deter opps & ensure no revolutions would occur.
okhrana - it was challenged A+
why were the okhrana not effective in stopping challenges?
what did historians argue?
okhrana members; compared to russias pop?
- because there was not enough of them
- too overstretched to provide real control
- 2500 members; over 140 million
army & okhrana EV
what 2 things did the army require? ☹️
line of argument…which shows
who were loyal to tsar & used this to crush protests// who supressed opposition movements through exiles, arrests and execution?
- further reform & improvments like towards their pay & conditions to improve, ensure their loyalty
- security of tsarist state was not seriously challenged as okhrana & army played vital roles to security of state.
- 1= army 2= okhrana
the tsar - ku
what 2 things made the tsar believe his power to be absolute?
what happened when the tsar faced conflict with the 10 man council (parliament)?
what does god have to do with the tsar?
- the coronation of oath & his authority being unlimited by laws and parliament
- dismissed and unable to voice their opinions
- he believed to be chosen by god: went against tsar went against god» many respected him as faithful to god
the tsar: A
what laws and made by who has nicholas kept?
what did the gathering law mean in terms of opposition?
how could the tsar relating to making laws be argued as overpowering?
- those made by his father: censorship & amount of ppl allowed to gather
- since only 12 could meet revolutionary methods hampered & opps opportunities were limited
- bc he could make decisions without having to go through/get parliament to approve or adhere to laws
the tsar: A+
how was nicholas viewed as a ruler?
what did his involvement in military have to do with this negative view?
- weak and indecisive»_space; negative perception
- he appointed underqualified people into high ranking positions which they were underqualified for; damaging pillars of autocracy»_space; threatening russias security of pillars ☹️tsar
the tsar: ev
what was the tsarist state argued to be?
why was it argued that?
what did the public do bc they were unhappy?
however lofa…. what did the tsar provide russia with & how did he do this?
why was nobody being able to oppose the tsar legally beneficial?
- unstable and unflexible
- bc the govt/political system did not change and remained the same
- resulted in lots of protests
- strong government, reinforced through oppression & exiles.
- bc gatherings against him/criticism of regime= forbidden so able to ensure complete control
the church: ku
what did the orthodox church do?
why were the priests of this church well respected?
- part of govt from 1721 (holy synod): control superstitious peasants >order them swear loyalty to tsar
- part of small maj who could read & write - respected by society as not many others could
the church: was not challenged (A)
who were the church effective at controlling?
after protests occured what 2 things would happen?
- the peasants to follow tsar»taught same as loyal to god
- sermons would criticise protestors & police aware of those with anti-tsarist views
the church: was challenged (A+)
why was the church’s influence rather limited?
during the last 50 yrs of russia being a tsarist state what hapenned the the ___ ___ population?
how were these groups of people potentially a threat to the tsar (2 points)?
- only had influence over peasants not urban workers
- UW increased from 7 to 28 million
- less religious than peasants, more likely to join revolutionary groups than the church
the church: ev
even though what happened to the influence of church over urban workers?
lofa… bc what 2 things could the church use to control children?
what did this power over the children unltimately mean?
- it was decreasing by 1905
- security not challenged used power and propaganda
- they complied with the standards from young & therefore their families knoew only to support autocracy/regime
- extra point especially in rural areas= 80% of pop
