topic 1: migration of scots (internal&emigration) Flashcards
example and explain
why was highland clearances a push factor?
Landlords prioritized profit, favoring sheep farming over crofting (e.g., Duke of Sutherland).
This led to forced evictions, with some landlords even threatening to burn homes if tenants returned
horrible housing🏚️
example: blackhouses north of scot - no chimneys, shared with animals(1 room) & lacked amenities
explanation: scots moved for better housing conditions and better quality of life
p: end of kelp
e: employed ……. people but …………. chemicals replaced the need for kelp like in ………….. so industry declined
30,000 modern toothpaste
explanation: meant many people lost their jobs and as a result had to move to find new jobs
harted of rural life 🌾
worked long hours, low pay, in all weathers - slim chance owning land
moved to cities for better employment as being paid bare minimum for physically demanding work
young male rural workers 😊
better wages & social life…….
encouraged to go!
excitment of towns and cities🌆
rural workers were appealed
dance halls, cinemas….
work less demanding, shorter hours: factory work
1/2 day of wed < shop workers
end of fishing 🐟
example: crofters on Lewis: £25 per yr catching herring fish; 1917 russian rev=scot lost trade
explanation: move to find employment as could not make enough income by crofting alone.
🚜self- binding reaper….
agricultural revolution
new machines= 12 man days 1 acre of barley; 22 days (1840)
move as lost jobs so had to find employment elsewhere & better life
rise of technology⚙️👗
bye bye textiles
led to a decline in the need for testile industries as new tech took over e.g. hawick
lots jobs>poverty move to find employment
potato blight🥔😋
1846 - 150,000 in highlands starving potatoes destroyed
many had to leave their homes to avoid starvation and find a new way of life as no food available
💼
young males moving from farm to farm every …. months, in search for …………….. farm work
tradition of migration
6 seasonal in lowland scotland
many men migrated interally to find secure jobs and a house if they had lost their jobs bc house came with job (unemployed+houseless)
highlandism👑
example……..
why were people forced to emigrate abroad?
ppl followed in queen victorias footsteps: landlords develop estates - deer hunting🦌
landlords forced ppl out of their homes> wanted more profit which deer hunting would bring them
convicts 🌏
why did Britian need a new way to deal with criminals?
what impact did this have a scottish prisoners?
death penalty used to much
prisoners > AUS, given their freedom if behaved females if married: 7600 convicts sent
scottish prisoners forced to move abroad > no choice
slum housing in glasgow 🛖
around 1/3 of glaswegians - 1 room houses (1880)»_space; spread of cholera as houses overcrowded
poor living conditions> forcved abroad better living conditions
💛🪙
gold rush discovered in ……. in USA and AUS with ……. highlanders going to ………… at same time
1850s 5000 australia
ecouraged scots to move- fortune in gold & adventure
🕴️💬what did colonial agents do?
specific ppl would tour scot-leaflets & speeches village halls and farm events (CANADA particularly)
encourage ppl to emigrate abroad for better life & jobs - 1897 5 agents from canada in scot
letters home - published in newspaper ✉️
family and friends - sent from abroad, how good life was
encouraged by relatives to emigrate as would join an estsblished scottish community
why did cheap/free land attract scottish farmers? 🌾
land in north of scot bad: poor soil quality, not fertile nor deep. could not support overpop of highlands
encouraged farmers to move to NZ and Canada as attracted to the cheap and fertile land there
higher wages 💰
scot=low wage economy > abroad same jobs but more money
encouraged to move for higher wages if skilled workers
how did steamships improve migration abroad? 🚢
improved transport as it took 1week to sail to usa in 1900; 6x faster than 1850
encouraged many to emigrate as it cheap and easy to return home if they wanted to
