topic 2: immigrants in scotland Flashcards
italians, irish, jewish, lithuanians
:(
ww2: tallies 🪖
faced prejudice due to facism links
negative experience as faced hostility/resetnment from scots
Sundays 🛌
italians cafes open> protestant scots day of rest, business should be closed
negative experience as scots resented them for opposing this ‘tradition’ and not accepted
:)
cafes☕
italians set up: glasgow 89 in 1903 336 by 1905. e.g nardinis largs
positive as accepted by scots as gave them places to socialise which scots enjoyed
:)
hoket pokey men 🍦
italians set up ice cream carts, selling ice cream before they set up other food shops
positive experience as accepted by scots who provided them with an enjoyable service
language in coal mines ⛏️
lithuanians worked in coal mines: limited english
initially faced hosility from scots as their lack of english made them a risk in the coal mines
👨👩👧👦👨👩👧👦
Bellshill (‘little poland’)
6000 liths lived in bellshill with all their own run businesses: shops, tailors, insurers.. (nicknamed)
maintained their identity: self sufficient community away from scots, relied in own businesses rather than scottish owned
soldiers in ww1 ⚠️
in ……, an Anglo-Russian Military Convention agreed russia were required to join ……. forces or serve in the ……… army
russia & britian agreed to work togther in war against germany
1917 british russian
1000 soldiers left to fight for russia>loyalty with homeland not in scotland
(Lithuanians)
✈️
why were 600 women and children deported back to lithuania
due to the threat of communism after 1917 as associated with socialist and communist ideas. their husbands had not returned home from the war
had a negative experience as faced hostility and many deported
jews
charities…
1908 - 75 jews recieving statutory poor relief in scotland; many got help from own charities
maintained distinct identity as had own communities which they recieved help from, relying on eachother
🥵
what impact did the jewish immigrants have on the sweated trade?
trades forcing workers to work for long hours and paid low
around 5000-6000 worked in tailoring in glasgow
gained rep for undercutting wages, undermiming the work of skilled scots - accepted low wages»> increased resentment from scots
tailoring industry - Gorbals🤵
jews set up small tailoring businesses: 50% jews worked in clothing in gorbals
accepted into scottish society - did not harm/compete with job opps for scots
🚬
lots of jews helped to develop tobacco industry in glasgow
accepted into scottish society as did not compete for jobs but helped to develop scotland
why were the italians being apart of fascist clubs make scots dislike them?
because in 1920-30s Scots concerned about mussolini’s rule & link to hitler: supported by the italian immigrants
this led to hosility from the scots»_space; attacks on fascist clubs
📄
what two immigrant group changed their names & what to?
italians: Giovanni>John
Giorgio>george
lithuanians: Bernotaitus> Miller, Smith< Brown
Overall had more positive experience: names scottish sounding > assimilated well 😊
long hours 🕝
italians: long hours in family cafes
= isolated ☹️experience > wanted to go home 🏠
jobs 🍟🐟
italians: set up own jobs/businesses e.g. fish and chips & cafes
accepted by scots > did not threaten scots jobs opportunites or wages
🤧🤮🤒
what 3 immigrant groups were accused of bringing diseases to scotland?
lithuanians: poverty created image that they were drunk, dirty & diseased
> faced hostility: brought black death to scotland ‘beastly filthy foreigners’
jews: falsley associated-cholera, printed in newspapers increasing discrimination
> negative experience as faced hostility from scots
irish: poor living= spread of diseases, cholera, TB, typhus(‘irish fever’)
> hostility from scots as seen to spread disease and poverty
👷
what group were nicknamed: strike breakers?
lithuanians: came over and found work in the coal mining industry e.g. Ayr
> negative experience : scots on strikes to campaign for better pay and working conditions»_space; unable to do when liths accepted these & carried on working
trade unions 🤝
shared same views
liths joined trade unions e.g. Lanarkshire Miners’ Union and the Labour movement, campaigning for same desires as scottish workers: better pay…
> > accepted as integrated with local scots community :showed loyalty to their society; not their own
Yiddish 🗣️
jews: by 1920-30s integrated: yiddish language & newspapers died out.
Jewish Literacy Societies allowed them to learn english language (glasgow & edi)
> assimilated well and positive experience as they learnt more english.
😞
religion ⭐
how impacted their life
jews attacked for religion, even surnames difficult to book lodgings(accommodation)
> difficult for jews to gain employment, especially in banks/government offices= facing antisemitism
synagogues🕍
1879- Garnethill synagogue built, & other across scotland + Jewish burial grounds
> positive experience as could maintain distinct identity in scotland & practice religion freely ☺️
politics 🗳️
irish: protestant shared political beliefs as Scots > opposed home rule (idea that ireland should govern itself)
> easier for protestant to have ☺️experience & assimliate into society
shared religion ✝️
opportunities
irish: protestant shared religion with protestant scots> employment opportunities better
> ☺️experience, better assimilate with scots & accepted into society
