euro & world: fascists achieving power by 1925 💪 Flashcards
1
Q
intro
b: Pope Pius XI…
b: …..
factors…x3 + other2
lofa?
A
- large territory stripped, due to unification, left only immediate area around St Peter’s Church, Rome
- 1915, in the Treaty of London Italy joined the Triple Entente, > masses of dept after WW1, like Germanies situation, suffering from hyperinflation
- musso and fascists, socio-eco problems, weakness of italian governments (resetnment of peace settlement & weakness/mistakes of opponents)
- musso ans fascists
2
Q
musso & appeal of fascists 💪
k: speehes, uniforms, salutes…
k: ‘action squad’ destroy OPPS
a: ex-soldiers, strong leader
a+: votes & seats
ev: 🙂newspapers
A
- D’Annunzio respected italian politician (hero to nationalists) & musso was skilled so copied his methods to gain power
- introduced by musso 1919 (blackshirts) ransack offices, live frogs & castor oil
- appealed to fascists violence & m/c u/c attracted as against socialists. destroy opps & use intimidation promised a strong govt attracted as prior weak
- not win maj of votes & socialists rising above: more popular, 1919- no seats 1921- 35 seats > not strong
- MOST IMPORTANT used newspapers effectively- targeted propaganda directly at what italians wanted to hear i.e. offer solutions & solve problems = obvious choice of leader
3
Q
socio-eco differences 💰🪧
b: depts, lira…
b: ‘bienno rosso’ …
a: revolution, arditi…
a+: socialists more attractive
ev: communist/revo threat small, exaggerated…
A
- government large depts: 85B lira, taken large foreign loans ☹️💰lira=1/2
- two red years 1919-20 industrial workers= militant action wanted change: wages. STU 250,000 members start» 2 mil ⬆️⬆️
- industrialists & m/c feared revolution relied on fascists taking control- previous arditi suppressed socialists (viewed as enemies) so won support from m/c
- socialists better fascists failed elected 1919+21. S- higher wages & better living conditions; fascists out to attack socialists italians ☹️wanted them to offer economic help before offering support elsewhere
- 1922 communist= 15 seats(small threat of revolution) musso propganda of Bienno Rosso- how to solve problems» PM 1922. event used to exaggerate, fascists ensure no revolution
4
Q
weakness of italian governments ⚖️
b: coalitions, PR…
b: Giolitti, Acerbo law…
a: easily gained power, march, stapleton?…
a+: joining of parties
ev: any party, blackshirts…
A
- between 1919-21 5 coalition govts due to PR, weak/ineffective to oppose musso
- statesman deal with musso» CofD 35 seats 1921 allowing him to make decisions e.g. AL 1923- 2/3 of seats
- Giolitti’s help & weakness of govt = easy to rally support (as in CofD) for march on rome & gain more power than G anticipated. S argues govt could not stop nor delay fascist uprising
- due to PR musso’s power limited(hard to win majority when seats based on votes) had to join other parties to build support before he could take complete control.
- musso more important> any party taken over from current weak govt: socialists 1/3 votes. musso win elections through using blackshirts as intimidation, but also his help in getting support= lots publicity
5
Q
1 KU
why was resentment against the peace settlement an important reason for musso and fascists achieving power?
land
A
- italy believed they had been victims of a mutilated victory after they had beem betrayed by the government and were not given all the land that was promised e.g. dalmatian coast
6
Q
why was weakness and mistakes of opponents an important reason for musso and fascists achieving power?
strike
A
- in 1922 the general strike of factory workers to go against fascism violence failed and did not go to plan, and the socialists split up, therefore making them a weaker group to oppose fascists. (group split to smaller ones)
