eukaryotic Flashcards
what is the definition of a nucleus?
a membrane bound organelle that contains chromatin and nucleous
In eukaryotic cells what does DNA associate with to form a complex called chromatin?
histones (proteins) to form a complex called chromatn
what does the nucleolus produce and what does Dna contain to help with this?
RRNA and Ribosomes for photosynthesis. Dna contains info to rpoduce MRNA and TRNA
Describe what the mitochondria does?
the mitochondria is the site of aerobic respiration
what does the inner membrane of the mitochondria do to increase surface area?
folds into cristae to increase the surface area for enzymes involved
what’s the purpose of the cel wall?
provides structure on outer layer of cell for support and structure
what does the cell wall contain?
cellulose (in plants and algae) chitin (in fungi) Murein (in prokaryotes)
what is a vacuole?
a membrane bound organelle with the cell sap
what role does the vacuoe have?
keeps (plant) cells turgid (swollen by fluid)
what is the tonoplast?
membrane of the vacuole that keeps the vacoule acidic by bringing protons
what is the cell membrane?
a phospho lipid bilayer that regukates transport in and out the cell
what does the cell membrane have to achieve it’s function?
contains protein and cholesterol
what is the function of ribosomes?
synthesize ,store and transpot lipids and carbohydrates and the site of translation during protein synthesis
what do ribosomes have to transport proteins and material throughout the cell?
fluid-filled tubules
what type of structure does a ribosomehave to increase surface area?
fold structure - large surface area for protein synthesis
Difference between rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
one has ribosomes surrounding it while the other lacks it but both perform the function of synthesizing, storing and transporting lipids
where are 70s and 80s proteins found?
found in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and are subunits made of RRNA and protein
what are the function of chloroplasts?
double membrane organelle which is the site of photosynthesis
what does the thylakoid do in chloroplasts?
absorbs sunlight for photosynthesis tto occur and stacks up to form gana toincrease surface pigments to absorb light
what does the stroma do in the chloroplast?
provides nutrients to the tissue or organ and removes waste and extra fluid
what does the granum do in the chloroplasts?
increases surface area of thylakoids which results in more light being absorbed in photosynthesis
what do the membranes of thylakoids have?
contain pigments involved in photosynthesis
what is the golgi vesicle ?
plays a role in digestion and immune response. lysosomes are a type of them which contains hydrolytic enzymes.
what is the golgi apparatus?
responsible for modifying proteins and packaging them into vesicles
