cell-mediated and humoral response Flashcards
what are the two groups white blood cells spilt into?
phagocytes and lymphocytes (involved in specific immune response)
what are the two types of lymphocytes?
T cells and B cells ( they both have subcatergories)
what is the cell-mediated response involved in doing?
The destruction of cells that have been either infected or have become abnormal
what happens once a phagocyte has become an antigen-presenting cell?
it binds to and activates a helper T cell (Th) cell. (The Th cell releases chemical signals and undergoes rapid mitosis)
what happens during rapid mitosis?
the production of identical (clonal) cells
what will most identical (clonal) cells activated by?
by binding to antigen-presenting cells, but some will develop into memory cells to provide immunity against further infections
what can the chemical signals released activate?
> more phagocytes
the humoral immune response
cytotoxic T (Tc) cells
what does cytotoxic cells bind to?
they bind to infected cells and release a protein called perforin
what does the perforin do to the plasma membrane?
it creates pores in the plasma membrane increasing permesbility to water, resulting in osmotic lysis of the infected cells
what is the humoral response involved in doing?
destruction of pathogens or toxins whch have invaded the extracellular fluid.
what do B cells in the extracellular fluid do?
they take up, process and express the antigens of a pathogen (becomes an antigen-presenting cell), the antigens may be taken directly from the pathogen, from another antigen-presenting cell from the fluid.
what does the antigen-presenting B cell bind to?
an activated helper T (Th) cell. then the Th cell causes the B cell to undergo rapid mitosis
what will happen to the B cells during rapid mitosis?
most will develop into plasma cells but some will develop into memory cells to provide immunity against future infections (those antibodies are monoclonal )
what do the antibodies bind to and what does it cause?
bind to antigens which cause agglutinstion (clumping) of the pathogen. (means they can be more easily destroyed by phagocytosis)
