Eukaryotes - Protists Flashcards
How can protists have more functional complexity than the Archaea or Bacteria?
Protists are eukaryotes, so they have a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles, like mitochondria. These organelles let the cell separate different processes, allowing for more specialized and efficient functions.
Do all protists, or even all eukaryotes, have the exact same internal complexity in their cells?
No. All have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, but complexity varies. E.g., protists can be simple unicellular organisms or more complex forms with specialized structures like flagella. Similarly, plants, animals, and fungi have unique cells and organ systems, each with varying levels of complexity.
What process allowed the evolution of the eukaryote cell and how did that process occur?
Endosymbiosis: a primitive prokaryote engulfed bacteria, which formed a mutual relationship, providing benefits like energy. Over time, these bacteria became permanent organelles (mitochondria, chloroplasts), losing their independent function and DNA.
Define interdependent
Mutual dependence where parties play essential roles in sustaining the relationship or system.
What are two characteristics of animal-like protists?
Consumes other organisms, motile
What are three types of movement in animal-like protists?
- amoeboid (cell extensions)
- ciliates (move in same direction)
- flagellate (move in whip-like motion)
How does Giardia lamblia evade its host immune system?
Altering its own proteins so host’s immune system does not recognise it
How do the fungus-like protists acquire nutrients from the environment?
Absorb molecules from the environment
What kind of organic matter does a fungus-like protist get its nutrients from?
Dead and decaying matter
Why do slime molds come together into a big mass?
They come together when food decreases in abundance so that they all have better chances of feeding
How did Phytophthora infestans contribute to the mass emigration of people from Ireland to North America?
Caused the potato famine in Ireland - Irish were forced to find new places to live where there is actually working soil.
Is Phytophthora infestans a problem only in the past?
No, it still happens and can happen today
