eukaryotes- growth requirements

Question 1

fungi growth requirements

Answer 1

all fungi are chemo-heterotrophic, they use pre-existing organic sources in their environment for nutrition
obtain their nutrients by the absorption of small molecules
feed by exodigestion and produce extracellular enzymes to degrade complex substrates into smaller molecules, which can be absorbed by the hyphae.

Question 2

absorptive nutrition

Answer 2

fungi breakdown nutrients so they can be absorbed

Question 3

saprophytes

Answer 3

live on dead and decaying matter and convert dead material into small molecules

Question 4

fungi: oxygen requirements

Answer 4

most fungi are obligate aerobes, except for yeast
aerobes use oxygen as the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration
yeast are able to respire aerobically and anaerobically (fermentation) where there is a production of carbon dioxide and ethanol

Question 5

fungi: water requirements

Answer 5

yeasts require an Aw of at least 0.87
xerophilic moulds require very little water activity

Question 6

fungi: light requirements

Answer 6

not directly dependent on light for growth
UV light may affect the growth of organisms

Question 7

fungi: chemical requirements

Answer 7

antifungal chemicals are strongly toxic to other eukaryotic cells

Question 8

algae growth requirements

Answer 8

all algae are photoautotrophic so require light for growth
some algae are acidophiles e.g. cyanidium which can grow at a pH of 0

Question 9

protozoan growth requirements

Answer 9

heterotrophs
many have a cytosome for ingesting solid particles or fluid
able to utilise pseudopodia to engulf food in a phagocytic process
those that form cysts tend to do so at body temperature (37ºC)