eukaryotes- cellular structure

Question 1

what are the components of fungal cells unique to fungi?

Answer 1

chitin cell wall
peroxisomes
sporangium
sexual spores
hyphae
woronin bodies

Question 2

fungal cell wall

Answer 2

fungal cells are surrounded by a rigid wall
composed primarily of chitin and glucans, that exist in a gel-like matrix within the cell wall
protect the yeast cell
maintains the shape of the yeast cell
is the interface between the fungus and its environment
involved in communication
attachment to surfaces
acts as a binding site for some enzymes
possess antigenic properties (immune response)

Question 3

what is chitin?

Answer 3

a polymer of N-acetylglucosamine (NAG)

Question 4

what is glucans?

Answer 4

a polymer of D-glucose

Question 5

peroxisomes in fungal cells

Answer 5

involved in cellular lipid homeostasis, metabolising reactive oxygen, and in the making of secondary metabolites

Question 6

sporangium

Answer 6

asexual spore-producing/spore-bearing structure of the fungi cell

Question 7

sexual spores (zygospores)

Answer 7

zygospores are sexual spores from zygomycetes > black-bread mould that thrive in soil and dead plant material

Question 8

hyphae

Answer 8

individual microscopic filaments
used for obtaining food
involved in growth at the top of the cell
branch to form a network of hyphae called a mycelium

Question 9

septate hyphae

Answer 9

divided into cells by internal walls called septa

Question 10

Coenocytic hyphae

Answer 10

‘aseptate’
large multinucleated cells without a septum

Question 11

woronin bodies

Answer 11

block septal pores following damage to hyphae
protect the hyphae by preventing the extensive loss of cytoplasm

Question 12

what are the components of an algal cell?

Answer 12

nucleus, nucleolus, golgi apparatus, ribosomes, cell wall, cell membrane, centrioles, cytoplasm, starch vacuole, mitochondrion, flagellum, chloroplast

Question 13

what are the components of protozoa (trophozoite)?

Answer 13

micronucleus, macronucleus, oral groove, anal pore, cytoproct, cytosome, contractile vacuole, secretory vacuole, food vacuole, cilia

Question 14

contractile vacuole

Answer 14

osmoregulation
found in freshwater protozoans where water regulation is a problem

Question 15

secretory vacuole

Answer 15

contain enzymes

Question 16

food vacuole

Answer 16

phagocytic vacuoles used to ingest food by phagocytosis

Question 17

protozoan: locomotory organelles

Answer 17

some protozoa have additional structures to move, and are classified by their features for movement
flagella, cilia, pseudopodia

Question 18

flagella (protozoan)

Answer 18

mastigophora
e.g. trypanosoma
long, thread-like extensions from the cell that move by spinning, whipping, or moving like tentacles
embedded in the ectoplasm

Question 19

cilia (protozoan)

Answer 19

cilates > ciliophora
e.g. balantidium
move the cell by an oar-like stroke with a high degree of coordination
embeddedin the ectoplasm

Question 20

pseudopodia (protozoan)

Answer 20

sarcodina
e.g. rhizopods, entamoeba
act as tentacles in movement
used to engulf food in feeding