EU Treaties Flashcards
ECSC dates
Signed: 18 April 1951
Entry into force: 23 July 1952
Expired: 23 July 2002
ECSC aim
To create interindependence in coal and steel to avoid future wars. Eased up tensions after WWII
Treaty of Rome dates
Signed: 25 March 1957
Entry into force: 1 January 1958
Treaty of Rome aim
To set up the EEC and EURATOM.
Art 2 and 3(3) included equality between women and men as a policy
Merger (Brussels) Treaty
Dates
Signed: 8 April 1965
Entry into force: 1 July 1967
Merger Treaty aim
To streamline the European institutions. Creation of a single commission and council to serve the 3 European communities (EEC, EURATOM, ECSC); the council of ministers should replace the special council of ministers of the ECSC, the council of the EEC and Euratom; each community remained legally independent but shared common institutions (prior to this treaty, they already shared a Parliamentary Assembly and Court of Justice); treaty seen by some as the real beginning of the modern European Union; Repealed by the treaty of Amsterdam
Single European Act dates
Signed - 1st: 17 February 1986 (Luxembourg; 9 MS signed: DE, FR, BE, NL, LUX, UK, IE, PT & ES)
Signed 2nd: 28 February 1986 (the Hague; DK, IT + EL (Greece) signed)
Entry into force: 1 July 1987
SEA aim
Reform the institutions in preparation for ES and PT entry into the EU and speed up decision-making in preparation for the single market (to be ready by 31/12/1992) - opened way to further political integration and economic and monetary union (enshrined in Maastricht treaty)
Main changes: extension of QVM in Council. Included the European Council in the body of the Community Treaties for the first time, defining its compositions and providing for biannual meetings; expanded powers of European Community in a number of policy areas
TEU Maastricht dates
Signed: 7 February 1992
Entry into force: 1 November 1993
TEU Maastricht aim
To prepare for European Monetary Union and introduce elements of a political union (citizenship, common foreign and internal affairs policy). Main changes: setting up the EU and introduction of co-decision procedure, giving the EP more say in decision-making. New forms of cooperation between MS, for example on defence and justice and home affairs. Introduction of codecision. Set binding economic and legal conditions to join the euro area
Treaty of Amsterdam dates
Signed: 2 October 1997
Entry into force: 1 May 1999
Treaty of Nice dates
Signed: 26 February 2001
Entry into force: 1 February 2003
Treaty of Nice aim
To reform the institutions so that the EU could function efficiently after reaching 25 MS. EP’s legislative and supervisory powers are increased (can refer matters to ECJ) and QMV extended to more areas within the Council
Treaty of Amsterdam aim
Amendment, renumbering and consolidation of EU and EEC treaties. More transparent decision-making: codecision simplified and broadened in scope
Treaty of Lisbon dates
Signed: 13 December 2007
Entry into force: 1 December 2009
Treaty of Lisbon aim
Result of negative outcome of two referenda on the Constitutional Treaty in May and June 2005. Treaty establishing the European Community is renamed TFEU. No additional exclusive competences added, but changes the way the EU exercises its existing powers + new (shared) powers. Higher level of parliamentary scrutiny. Lisbon for the first time clarifies the powers of the EU and distinguishes between the 3 types of competences. Gives EU full legal personality. Provides formal procedure to withdraw from EU. OLP replaces codecision