Brexit

Question 1

Brexit main dates

Answer 1

• 23/6/2016: referendum
• 29/3/2017: Art 50 (formal notification)
• 11/2018: agreement on Withdrawal agreement and political declaration on future relationships
• 10/2019: agreement including Protocol on IE and Northern Ireland
• 30/1/2020: ratification of WA complete
• 1/2/2020: UK leaves
• 24/12/2020: agreement on Trade and Cooperation Agreement
• 1/1/2021: transition period ends and TCA applies provisionally
• 1/5/2021: TCA enters into force

Question 2

How many Art 50 extensions were agreed upon?

Answer 2

3

Question 3

Brexit: what happens in case of dispute on WA

Answer 3

1. Joint committee
2. Arbitration panel

ECJ keeps authority for for Union law matters

Possible outcomes:
- solution found
- lump sum
- partial suspension of WA

Question 4

How did Brexit affect the EU budget?

Answer 4

As one of the largest net contributors who baid more into the EU budget than it received, the UK leaving the EU left a gap in the EU budget.

Question 5

Windsor framework

Answer 5

Agreed on 27 February 2023

Aim: to improve trading rules for Northern Ireland

Main changes:

• extension of “trusted traders” use of green lines with reduced paperwork, goods for IE still subject to red lanes, as present
• EU has real-time access to UK custom systems and databases
• agri-food goods to stay in IE labelled “not for EU”
• identity checks reduced to 5% by 2025 on a risk-based approach
• Stormont brake: last resort emergency mechanism for NI legislative assembly to stop application of new EU law

The amended protocol will be part of the Withdrawal Agreement

Status quo ante (NI protocol to WA):

• Union Customs Code applies to NI
• checks carried out at NI ports
• checks also for products that stay in NI