Ethnicity: Patterns and trends

Question 1

What are the percentages of ethnicities in the UK ?

Answer 1

• 83% are white
• 8% asian
• 3% black

Question 2

Why are there a disproportionate amount of ethnic minorities unemployed, arrested and in poverty ?

Answer 2

• institutionalised racism : based on prejudiced norms
• A non-racist individual who conforms to this practice ends up functioning as if they are racist

Question 3

What does Katz say about institutionalised racism ?

Answer 3

• Obsession with time-keeping is a white cultural norm
• Not shared by ethnic minority cultures
• Says that punishing Black/ Asian students for bring late is institutionally racist

Question 4

What does wood say about ethnicity and work and employment ?

Answer 4

• discrimination in favour of white people names over applicants from ethnic minorities was 29%

Question 5

What does Heath and Yu say about ethnicity and work and employment ?

Answer 5

• first generation Black, Indian and Pakistani migrants faced significant ethnic penalties
• harder to gain managerial jobs

Question 6

What does Joesph Rowntree Foundation say about ethnicity and work and employment ?

Answer 6

• ethnic minorities graduates, specifically women find it harder to gain high level positions in their jobs

Question 7

What do Battu and sloan say about ethnicity ?

Answer 7

• ethnic minorities are likely to be over-educated in employment than white people

Question 8

What did Davidson say about ethnicity ?

Answer 8

• ‘concrete ceiling’
• prevents ethnic minority women from being promoted
• the concrete ceiling cannot be broken

Question 9

What did the ONS say about ethnicity and income ?

Answer 9

• 2/5 of ethic minorities live in low income households
• this is double the rate of white people

Question 10

What did Joseph rowntree foundation say about income ?

Answer 10

• all ethnic minorities continue to have lower earning than compares to white groups
• Bangladeshi’s experience the worst income inequality

Question 11

What did Rowlingson and Mckay ?

Answer 11

• White British in managerial occupations had greater wealths than other ethnic groups in the same positions
• White people in routine non-manual positions had less wealth than Asian groups in these positions

Question 12

What did the 2011 census say about the inequalities in poverty ?

Answer 12

• one in three Bangladeshis and Pakistanis were living in deprived neighbourhoods
• one in 12 white British lived in a deprived neighbourhoods

Question 14

What did the Joseph Rowntree foundation say about poverty and ethnicity ?

Answer 14

• living i deprived areas reduced employment prospects
• has large effects on ethnic minorities
• 74% of the income in white households come from wages and self-employment
• In Bangladeshi and Pakistani households, 67% income comes from wages and self-employment
• the rest comes from ‘other social security benefits’

Question 14

What did Evandrou say about poverty and ethnicity ?

Answer 14

• white elderly had the lowest levels of income poverty
• 60% of Bangladeshi and Pakistani elderly were in income poverty
• This was due to factors such as language and immigration

Question 15

What did Flaherty say about ethnicity and poverty ?

Answer 15

• Looked at the reasons for why their are high rates of poverty in ethnic minority groups
  1. Ethnic minorities are more likely to be unemployed compared to whites
  2. Some ethnic minorities can end up in poor housing (overcrowded and damp) - can lead to health issues
  3. Educational disadvantages mean lower than average pay and therefore end in poverty

Question 16

What did Alcock say about ethnicity and poverty ?

Answer 16

• ethnic minorities can experience material deprivation which leads to social exclusion
• There may also be racial harassment which makes them feel more isolated

Question 17

What did platt study about the intergenerational social mobility ?

Answer 17

• found that those with higher occupational attainment were able to maintain this over generations
• Indians were most able to maintain attainment
• Found that by the second generation, occupational position of Caribbeans slipped

Question 18

What did Amis Sedghi say about ethnicity and social mobility ?

Answer 18

• even though ethnic minorities are doing netter in school, they still faec barriers to social mobility and job opportunity

Question 19

What was Heath and Li’s study ?

Answer 19

• studied 40 years of data to look at social mobility
• 43% of white men and 45.6% of white women moved up to a higher status
• 34.3% of first-generation Pakistani and Bangladeshi men and 27.6% women moved to a higher social class