Ethnicity (Internal 2)

Question 1

Institutional racism and critical race theory

Answer 1

Williams - must go beyond individual teacher racism (Internal 1) —-> look at how education system routinely discriminates against ethnic minorities.
CR theory=Racism is ingrained feature of society through several ways.

Question 2

Marketisation and Segregation

Answer 2

Allows schools to select pupils -> negative stereotypes influence decisions -> EM pupils fail to advance into better schools.
Examples include racist bias in interviews and application processes & reports from primary schools that stereotype minority pupils -> less likely to be accepted by secondary -> disadvantage EM backgrounds.

Question 3

Ethnocentric curriculum

Answer 3

Ethnocentric-gives priority to a particular ethnic group -> build racial bias into everyday work in school (History)-> ignores history of black and Asians -> undermines self esteem -> failure.

Question 4

Assessment

Answer 4

Gillborn(S) claims ‘assessment hame’ is rigged to validate dominant cultures superiority.
Baseline assessments replaced with FSP -> 2000 black children highest achievers -> 2003 FSP had black children ranked lower than whites->reasons why \/
FSP based on teachers judgments, not written tests
FSP done at end of reception -> Baseline AS done at start of primary.

Question 5

Criticisms of Gillborn

Answer 5

• Gillborn -main cause of underachievement is institutional racism(internal) ->Sewell rejects -> claims racism isn’t powerful enough to stop individual success -> should focus on external factors
• There is over achievement by minorities -> Indian and Chinese students perform better than whites -> how can institutional racism exist?
• Gillborn responds -> this argument ignores fact that minorities suffer racism -> similar levels of racism across minority ethnicities