Ethnicity External Flashcards
Percentage of ethnicities attaining A*-C at GCSE from 2004 - 2013 England
2004 2013
White British 41.6 60.5
Indian 54.5 75.5
Pakistani 31.3 55.5
Black Carribean 23.2 53.3
Chinsese 63.9 78.1
What are the lowest Achieving Groups Other than White British Boys
Black Caribbean Pakistani Bangladeshi and Gypsy/Roma Consistently have lower levels of attainment than all other ethnic groups.
-Overall appear to have below average reading skills
-More likely to leave school without any qualifications
-More likely to follow vocational courses rather than high status academic courses
-Ethnic Minorities are over represented in lower streams even when they get better results
-1 1/2 more likely to be categorized as having emotional behavioural or social difficulties as British students.
Issues with Researching Into Ethnicity and Attainment:
-Categorisation to classify ethnic groups are too general
-EG studies that use Asian would allow us too see the difference in attainment between Indian Pakistani and Bangladeshi students.
-Doesn’t allow us to examine Social Class background in relation to ethnicity.
-The term BAME is used alot in higher education research
How does English levels and language codes effect educational achievement? - Linguistic and Intellectual Skills
-Lack of intellectual and linguistic skills is a major cause of underachievement for many minority children and they argue that children from low income black families lack intellectual stimulation and enriching experiences.
-BEREITER AND ENGLEMAN:
The language spoken by low income black American families as inadequate for educational success they see it as ungrammatical disjointed and incapable of expressing abstract ideas.
-English as an additional language: Pupils who speak different languages at home may have disjointed English. This may leave them poorly equipped for school because they have not developed reasoning and problem solving skills.
BOLLARD AND DRIVER: Language problems stop being a problem by the ag of 16
How does English levels and language codes effect educational achievement?-Parental Support
Many sociologist argue a dysfunctional family is the reason for underachievement:
Murry: African Caribbean Lone parenthood is to blame
Pryce: Asian culture in the UK is more cohesive then Black culture as they are able to ignore racism easier
Scrunton:Falling to embrace British Culture
Hall: Culture of Resistance
Drover and Bollard: Asian families are more of Pro School attitude than black families
Lupton: Adult authorisation
Asian families match that of school
How does English levels and language codes effect educational achievement?-Parental Support
Many sociologist argue a dysfunctional family is the reason for underachievement:
Murry: African Caribbean Lone parenthood is to blame
Pryce: Asian culture in the UK is more cohesive then Black culture as they are able to ignore racism easier
Scrunton:Falling to embrace British Culture
Hall: Culture of Resistance
Drover and Bollard: Asian families are more of Pro School attitude than black families
Lupton: Adult authorisation
Asian families match that of school
How does English levels and language codes effect educational achievement?-Sewell:Fathers gangs and culture
Argues that because 59% black Caribbean students live in lone parent households they have an over feminised up brining as they lack guidance from adult male figures for destructive behaviour therefore leading them to search for alternatives such as Gang leaders who are dominant male figures.
Attitudes and Values
Cultural Deprivation
-Lack of motivation is a major cause of the failure of many black children according to cultural deprivation theorists
-Most children are socialised into mainstream culture which instils ambition completeness and willingness to make sacrifices necessary to achieve long term goal. Cultural deprivation theorist argue some black children are socialised into sub cultures that instils a live for today attitude and does not value education
ARNOT Media has created a negative anti school role model for Black pupils enforced through Rao and MTV
However Driver states its an advantage as African Caribbean girls do very well in school.
Material Deprivation
FLATHERTY
Compared to white majority:
Pakistani and Bangladeshi is 3x more likely to be poorest 5th of the population
African Pakistani and Bangladeshi is 3x more likely to be unemployed
Pakistani 2x more likely to be in semi skilled jobs
Material Deprivation
The Swann report
Social class amounts for at least 50% of the difference in achievement between ethnic groups
If we fail to take the different class positions of ethnic groups into account when we compare their educational achievements there is a danger we will over estimate the effects of cultural deprivation and under estimate the effect of poverty and material deprivation.
Material Deprivation
In contrast Indian Asian Chinese pupils who are eligible for FSM is below average:
-Variation in social class may mean that some differences between ethnic groups in terms of educational achievement may have less to do with ethnicity and more to with economic disadvantage.
-GILLHORN AND MIRZA
Point out while social class still remains influential on educational achievement social class factors do not completely override the influence of ethnic inequality.
Racism in Wider Society
DAVID MASON Discrimination is a continuing and persistent feature of the experience of Britain’s minority ethnic origin
JOHN REX shows how racial discrimination leads to social exclusion and this worsens the poverty faced by ethnic minorities.
