ethics, consent and good practice

Question 1

What is the definition of ethics?

Answer 1

principles that govern actions, behaviours and attitudes. Standards of society.

Question 2

what are the health care applications of ethics?

Answer 2

Involved in all medical decisions in which must consider, it it good for the patient, will it do harm? does it align with values?

Question 3

what are the four ethical principles?

Answer 3

Autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence and justice

Question 4

What is autonomy and how is it applied to medical practice?

Answer 4

Our actions are result of own choices. Individual must have capability to self-govern and be free from external contraints.

Question 5

what are the three elements of consent?

Answer 5

threshold, information and consent elements

Question 6

What is Threshold element?

Answer 6

asking if the patient is competent to make that decision (age, brain function, conscious state)

Question 7

What are the subcategories of information elements?

Answer 7

disclosure of information (what and consequnces), understanding in depth and confirmation of understanding

Question 8

what is considered appropriate disclosure in information element of consent?

Answer 8

according to professional standard (what would colleques disclose), Resonable Patient (what us reasonable for the patient to know) and Subjective patient (what does THIS patinet want/need to know)

Question 9

What are the consent elements?

Answer 9

consent must be voluntary (no coercion) and give you authorisation (depends on situation if oral/written and how much).

Question 10

what is doctor’s autonomy?

Answer 10

personal and professional values as well as legal responsibilities/

Question 11

What is the main principle of nonmaleficence?

Answer 11

Prium, non nocere (first, do no harm)

Question 12

Beneficence

Answer 12

Ought to promote and do good, prevent evil and avoid harm. Do good without intention.

Question 13

How is beneficince applied in medical setting?

Answer 13

patient-centred thinking, spending time and educating the patient.

Question 14

how is nonmaleficence applied in medical setting?

Answer 14

being honest that you are a student and only practising within scope, respecting beleifts, vales and lifetsytles and being aware of the harm that actions could cause.

Question 15

what are the three principles of justice?

Answer 15

social, distrubtion and legal

Question 16

if legal justice is in place what happens to your actions as a medical professional?

Answer 16

the legal action trumps

Question 17

what does social justice refer to?

Answer 17

treating patients with similar diagnoses in similar way, equitable access and respect for rights

Question 18

what does dustributive justice refer to?

Answer 18

how resources are allocated, ensuring everyone has the same action

Question 19

what is legal justice?

Answer 19

adhering to legal rulings and laws.

Question 20

What does ‘rights’ refer to?

Answer 20

legal, social, ethical principles of freedom or entitlement.

Question 21

what are two types of rights?

Answer 21

human rights (goal of all hummanity) and legal rights.

Question 22

what are obligations

Answer 22

what must do according to custom or a contract and often linked to morality.

Question 23

what is duty and how is different to obligation?

Answer 23

what OUGHT to do, often overruled by obligation.

Question 24

how can you tell difference between legal and an ethical issue?

Answer 24

legal issues will be dictated according to law and legalisation (DNR’s, power of attorney etc) while ethics are according to own moral, attitudes and beliefts.