ethics Flashcards
Who may apa ethics take actions against.
a psychologist who does a bad ethics thing, or one who is convicted of a crime or in trouble with another organization
primary goal of ethics people.
- protect the public
- inform the public of ethics.
The five primary ethical principles are aspirational or enforcable
enforcable
what are the five primary ethical principles.
- Beneficence and Nonmaleficence
- responsibility and fidelity
- integrity
- justice
- Respect for People’s Rights and Dignity
the ethical standards are enforceable or aspirational
enforceable
How do you resolve a ethical conflict?
use the ethical decision making process, adhere to code and regulations. unless it’s illegal, or violate human rights then report it to the board, and/or authorities
Ethical Violations by Colleagues
how do you handle it?
-requires psychologists to attempt to resolve another psychologist’s ethical violation informally by bringing the violation to the psychologist’s attention when it seems appropriate to do so.
-requires psychologists to report an ethical violation to an ethics committee, licensing board, or other appropriate authority or to take other “action appropriate to the situation” when the ethical violation has caused or is likely to cause substantial harm, is not appropriate for informal resolution, or was not adequately resolved informally.
Boundaries of competence rules?
-provide within scope of confidence.
-if there is a big gap, then referral is the best option.
-When asked to do something new, they do appropriate supervision, study, or knowledge acquisition.
-
delegating work to other what are the rules?
- multiple relationship
- competency
- compensation
personal problems what are the rules?
(a) refrain from beginning a professional activity when it’s likely that a personal problem will impede the psychologist’s effectiveness and (b) “take appropriate measures” when they become aware that a personal problem might negatively affect an ongoing professional activity. It also states that an appropriate measure might be to seek consultation to determine whether an ongoing professional activity should be limited, suspended, or terminated.
When psychologists think their own personal problems may impair their ability to provide therapy in a competent manner, the best course of action is to:
A. obtain the professional help they need to resolve their personal problems.
B. suspend their work activities until their personal problems have been resolved.
C. seek consultation to determine whether to limit or suspend their work-related activities.
D. monitor their effectiveness by seeking feedback from clients about their satisfaction with therapy.
C. seek consultation to determine whether to limit or suspend their work-related activities.
You’ve just been asked to provide mental health services to residents of a small town who have been traumatized by a shooting at the elementary school. To be consistent with ethical requirements, you should provide the requested services:
A. only if you have relevant training and experience.
B. even if you don’t have relevant training and experience as long as you’re able to obtain appropriate consultation while providing the services.
C. even if you don’t have relevant training and experience as long as alternative services are unavailable and you inform clients of their options during the informed consent process.
D. even if you don’t have relevant training and experience as long as alternative services are unavailable and you discontinue providing services when the emergency ends or appropriate services become available.
D. even if you don’t have relevant training and experience as long as alternative services are unavailable and you discontinue providing services when the emergency ends or appropriate services become available.
Dr. Schneider’s new clients are a single mother and her two daughters, ages 13 and 15. The family moved to the United States from Venezuela six years ago and they were referred to therapy by the high school counselor because the girls are having problems with their peers and teachers. Although both daughters are fluent in English, the mother is not, and the oldest daughter has volunteered to translate for her mother since Dr. Schneider does not speak Spanish. Having the daughter act as a translator:
A. is acceptable since she’s receiving therapy with her mother.
B. is acceptable as long as the daughter is fluent in both Spanish and English.
C. is acceptable as long as Dr. Schneider has had experience working with a translator.
D. is not acceptable.
D. is not acceptable.
You receive a request for information about a former client of yours from the APA’s Ethics Committee which it needs for its investigation of a complaint the client has filed against you. You:
A. can refuse to provide the information if doing so will violate your right against self-incrimination.
B. can refuse to provide the information if doing so is likely to be harmful to the client.
C. must cooperate with the request as long as the client has signed an authorization to release confidential information.
D. must cooperate with the request whether or not the client has signed an authorization to release confidential information.
C. must cooperate with the request as long as the client has signed an authorization to release confidential information.
The receptionist at the mental health clinic where you work tells you she’s concerned about the behavior of another psychologist who works at the clinic. Based on the receptionist’s description of the psychologist’s behavior, you conclude that the behavior violates the psychologist’s ethical obligations. Assuming that client confidentiality is not an issue and that you are not legally required to report the psychologist’s behavior to appropriate authorities, you:
A. may ignore the violation if you believe it hasn’t caused or is not likely to cause substantial harm.
B. may ignore the violation if you believe it’s not likely to occur again.
C. should discuss the matter with the involved client(s) to confirm that an ethical violation has actually occurred.
D. should attempt to resolve the situation informally by talking to the psychologist if it seems appropriate to do so.
D. should attempt to resolve the situation informally by talking to the psychologist if it seems appropriate to do so.
What are grounds for not seeing a client?
diagnosis, values, other characteristics interfere with treatment
Whats the deal with sexual harrasment?
sexual solicitation, physical advances, or verbal or nonverbal conduct that is sexual in nature”
-is unwelcome, is offensive, or creates a hostile workplace or educational environment, and the psychologist knows or is told this
(b) “is sufficiently severe or intense to be abusive to a reasonable person in the context.” It also states that sexual harassment can involve a single severe behavior or multiple persistent behaviors.
how does bad taste turn into harassment?
quid pro quo
or you say no and they continue.
What’s the deal with multiple relationships, good or bad?
the power differential between the psychologist and the client, (b) the expected duration of each relationship, and (c) the clarity of termination of each relationship. The greater the power differential, the longer the duration of the two relationships, and the more likely that one or both relationships will resume in the future, the less acceptable it would be to become involved in the multiple relationship.
What is the difference between privilege and confidentiality?
confidentiality is keeping it private
privilege is the privilege to keep it confidential
How can minors seek treatment without consent?
emancipated minor, mature minor
-medical conditions such as alcohol or drug addiction or a sexually transmitted disease (Sirbaugh & Diekema, 2011). In addition, consent is presumed when a parent or legal guardian is required to give consent for a minor’s treatment but is not available to do so and the circumstances are life-threatening for the minor
____________ are the standards used in the APA’s Ethics Code to define sexual harassment.
A. Quid pro quo and reasonable woman
B. Hostile environment and reasonable person
C. Quid pro quo and hostile environment
D. Tangible detriment and reasonable person
B. Hostile environment and reasonable person
Dr. Horowitz learns that a current therapy client has started dating one of Dr. Horowitz’s close friends. To be consistent with ethical guidelines, Dr. Horowitz should:
A. reduce her interactions with her best friend.
B. discuss the situation with her client to help determine the best course of action.
C. do nothing unless she notices that the situation is affecting her effectiveness as a therapist.
D. say nothing to the client or friend but take special precautions to protect the client’s confidentiality.
B. discuss the situation with her client to help determine the best course of action.
Which of the following is NOT a HIPAA-compliant videoconferencing platform?
A. Zoom for Healthcare
B. Consumer Skype
C. thera-LINK
D. Doxy.me
B. Consumer Skype
Psychologists delivering mental health services in military settings should keep in mind that members of the military:
A. have the same confidentiality rights as other therapy clients.
B. have the same confidentiality rights as other therapy clients only when they were self-referred for therapy.
C. should be informed at the beginning of therapy about the military’s disclosure policies that affect confidentiality.
D. do not have any of the ethical or legal protections regarding confidentiality that other therapy clients have.
C. should be informed at the beginning of therapy about the military’s disclosure policies that affect confidentiality.
The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) allows covered entities to disclose a patient’s personal health information (PHI):
A. only with an authorization signed by the patient or the patient’s legal representative.
B. without an authorization signed by the patient when it’s going to be used for the purpose of treatment, payment, or health care operations.
C. without an authorization signed by the patient only when it’s needed for the patient’s emergency treatment.
D. without an authorization signed by the patient when it meets the “minimum necessary” standard.
B. without an authorization signed by the patient when it’s going to be used for the purpose of treatment, payment, or health care operations.
Dr. Bharara, a licensed psychologist, saw Mr. and Mrs. D’Andrea and their two children in therapy for four months before the parents suddenly decided to get a divorce and stopped coming to therapy. One month later, Dr. Bharara receives a phone call from Mrs. D’Andrea who asks if he would be willing to conduct a custody evaluation of the children. As an ethical psychologist, Dr. Bharara:
A. should agree to do so only with the permission of both Mrs. and Mr. D’Andrea.
B. should agree to do so only if he believes his previous therapeutic relationship with the family will not interfere with his objectivity.
C. should agree to do so as long as he’s able to evaluate all family members.
D. should not agree to do so and provide Mrs. D’Andrea with an appropriate referral.
D. should not agree to do so and provide Mrs. D’Andrea with an appropriate referral.
When consulting with a colleague about a client who’s not responding to treatment, you:
A. must get authorization from the client before doing so.
B. must get authorization from the client before doing so if you cannot disguise her identity while discussing the situation with the colleague.
C. do not need to get authorization from the client as long as you disclose only confidential information that’s pertinent to the purpose of the consultation.
D. do not need to get authorization from the client as long as the colleague is a licensed mental health professional.
B. must get authorization from the client before doing so if you cannot disguise her identity while discussing the situation with the colleague.
Which of the following is true about privilege?
A. It can be claimed and waived only by the client.
B. It can be claimed by the client and the client’s legal representative but waived only by the court.
C. It can be claimed and waived by the client, the client’s legal representative, and the therapist.
D. It can be claimed and waived by the client and the client’s legal representative and claimed by the therapist on behalf of the client.
D. It can be claimed and waived by the client and the client’s legal representative and claimed by the therapist on behalf of the client.
What can psychologists use for qualifications
a. doctoral degree psychology
b. degree needed for accreditation as a psychologist.
What’s up with advertising?
you can advertise if you note its advertisement
-you can’t compensate public media
-
can you solicit testimonials
yup, you can’t pay, gotta get consent, can’t be vulnerable
can you do In-Person Solicitation of Business
yup but they can’t be vulnerable
What’s the rule of maintaining client records
7 and 3
is bartering o.k.
barter may be acceptable when it’s not clinically contraindicated or exploitative. Many experts discourage bartering because of its potential for negative consequences, and some suggest that bartering goods for therapy is less risky than bartering services
What’s better bartering goods for services or services for services
goods
psychologists giving or receiving referal fees how does that work
it’s o.k. if its not a fee for a referal and is instead a fee for work provided.
Routinely waiving the insurance co-payments of therapy clients is acceptable:
A. only when the insurance company has approved of this arrangement.
B. as long as it’s justified by the clients’ inability to pay the co-payment.
C. only if the insurance company is not charged an increased fee to make up for the co-payment.
D. because it’s a “standard practice.”
A. only when the insurance company has approved of this arrangement.
The use of a sliding scale when setting fees for therapy clients:
A. may be acceptable but is not explicitly mentioned in the ethics codes published by the American and Canadian Psychological Associations.
B. is unacceptable but is not explicitly mentioned in the ethics codes published by the American and Canadian Psychological Associations.
C. is explicitly recommended in the ethics codes published by the American and Canadian Psychological Associations.
D. is explicitly prohibited in the ethics codes published by the American and Canadian Psychological Associations.
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A. may be acceptable but is not explicitly mentioned in the ethics codes published by the American and Canadian Psychological Associations.
Which of the following best describes ethical requirements regarding psychologists’ use of client testimonials in brochures and other statements describing their professional services?
A. They may use only unsolicited testimonials from former and current therapy clients.
B. They may use solicited or unsolicited testimonials from former and current therapy clients as long as the clients are not compensated for them.
C. They may use solicited testimonials from former therapy clients who are not vulnerable to undue influence.
D. They may use solicited testimonials from former therapy clients as long as they do not include misleading information.
C. They may use solicited testimonials from former therapy clients who are not vulnerable to undue influence.
Whats the difference between a solicited and unsolicited testimonial
solicited is asked invited
unsolicited is uninvited–I did not ask you.
To be consistent with ethical requirements, you should discuss fees and other financial matters with therapy clients:
A. before the first therapy session.
B. during the first therapy session.
C. as part of the informed consent process.
D. as early as feasible.
D. as early as feasible.
To be consistent with ethical requirements, psychologists must claim as credentials for their mental health services:
A. only masters and doctoral degrees in psychology or a related field.
B. only degrees from regionally accredited educational institutions.
C. only degrees that were the basis for their psychology licensure.
D. only degrees from regionally accredited educational institutions or that were the basis for their psychology licensure.
D. only degrees from regionally accredited educational institutions or that were the basis for their psychology licensure.