Ethical Issues and Dealing With Them

Question 1

What are the ethical issues?

Answer 1

• informed consent
• protection from psychological and physical harm
• deception
• right to withdraw
• confidenciality

Question 2

What is informed consent?

Answer 2

when a particiant is told the aims, procedure and their purpose in the study and then makes the informed decision of whether they want to participate or not

Question 3

What is deception?

Answer 3

when the investigator decieves or with hold information from participants in order to encourage them to give consent or give more valid results

Question 4

What is right to withdraw?

Answer 4

the idea that participants are allowed to leave at any point of the experiment if they no longer want to take part

Question 5

What is protection from pychological and physical harm?

Answer 5

• the idea that participants shouldn’t be exposed to things that may risk their physical and emotional safety
• investigator have a responsibility to protect their participants from this

Question 6

What is confidenciality?

Answer 6

the idea that participants should feel confident that the study won’t reveal information that makes them identifiable

Question 7

How do you deal with informed consent?

Answer 7

• participants should be given a consent letter
  signature
• participants under 16 should get parental consent

Question 8

What are the ways you can give consent?

Answer 8

• presumptive
• prior general
• retrospective

Question 9

What is presumtive consent?

Answer 9

you get consent from a similar group to see if the study is acceptable

Question 10

What is prior general consent?

Answer 10

when participants are effectively being asked whether or not they consent to being decieved

Question 11

What is retrospective consent?

Answer 11

when participants are asked for consent during the debrief

Question 12

How do you deal with deception?

Answer 12

participants should be given a debrief at the end of the experiment so that any deception to protect the aims of the experiment is revealed

Question 13

How do you deal with protection from harm?

Answer 13

• during debrief they should be reassured that their behaviours were normal
• if any emotional harm did occur, they should be provided with councelling

Question 14

How do you deal with right to withdraw?

Answer 14

you explain in the briefing how that at any point in the experiment they are allowed to ask to leave if they wish

Question 15

How do you deal with confidentiality?

Answer 15

• refer to participants as numbers to keep their names anonymous
• use initials in case studies
• remind them during briefing that their data will be protected