Ethical dilemmas Flashcards
stakeholder
any actor who could be affected by the organization’s actions
any actors who seek to influence the organization actions
ethical behaviour
usually refers to actions that conform to generally accepted social norms
relativism
ethical truths depend on the groups holding them
normativism
there are universal standards behaviour that all culture should follow
utilitarianism
teleological approach: decisions are based on the consequences of the action
action is right when its consequences benefit the most number of people
deontological approach
moral judgment are made and moral reasoning occurs independently of consequences
deontological approach: categorical imperative
act only according to that maxim by which you would want it to become universal law
precautionary principle
particularly applicable to natural environment
when smth raises threats of harm to human health/environment, should take precautionary measures even when cause and effect are not scientifically proven
proponent should bear burden of proof
corruption
misuse of entrusted power for private gain
bribes
payment/promises to pay cash or anything of value to obtain government contract/get public officials to do their job
sustainability
meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generation to meet their needs
tiered pricing
differential pricing of same drug in different market, often to improve affordability
Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs)
allow developing countries to produce generic drugs for urgent health need and to export to other countries in need and can’t produce themselves. Prevent resale to other developed country
OECD Anti- Bribery convention
international accords to stop bribery in 1997
US Foreign Corrupt Practice Act
National mesures to stop corruption/ bribery
