Culture Flashcards
culture
system of values, belief and norms that are share among a group of people
societal culture
norms/ law apply primarily along national lines
language and values are shared within borders
rite and symbols are shared
professional/ industry culture
culture if people who hold the same profession
people who hold the same norm and beliefs
organizational culture
culture of people who are in the same organization/ suborganization
preservation of authentic culture
culture remain distinct
tries to preserve the local culture and reject the foreign one
homogenization of culture
absorption of local culture by a dominant one
hybridization of culture
the mixing of culture
diaspora
people living outside of ancestral homeland
high and low contex cultures
low context: words used by speaker
explicitly convey speaker’s message
high context: context in which a conversation occurs is just as important as the words spoken ;cultural cue are critical to communication
factor dimens of high/low context culture lawyers person's word responsibility for organization error negotiation
high context: lawyers are less important a person's word is his or her bond responsibility for organization error are taken by top level negotiation are lengthy eg. japan or middle east low context: lawyers are very important get it in writing responsibility for error is pushed to lowest level negotiation are quick eg. usa or northern europe
hofstede’s five dimensions
individualism vs collectivism power distance uncertainty avoidance masculinity time orientation
individualism vs collectivism
individualism: people taking care of themselves
making decision based on individual needs
I mentality
collectivism: primary loyalty to group (nuclear family, extended family, caste, organization)
group takes care of individual
decision-making based on what is best for the group
we mentality
high power distance vs low power distance
high power distance acceptance that power and status are unequally distributed everyone has a fixed place in society respect for authority employees should not disagree with superior low power distance belief in minimal social stratification no set hierarchy in society respect for equal status of individuals employees can disagree with superior
high uncertainty avoidance and low uncertainty avoidance
low uncertainty avoidance high tolerance for ambiguity belief in minimal rules moral relativism tolerate deviance prefer general or no set direction approve of risk taking high uncertainty avoidance: low tolerance for ambiguity strict rules and laws belief in absolute truth intolerant of deviance prefer detailed specific plans minimize risk
masculinity index
masculinity: large gap between goal orientation of males and females strong belief in gender role competitive assertive analytical rewards: power and money femininity: little gap between goal orientation of males and females strong belief in gender equality nurturing modest intuitive modest intuitive rewards: quality of life and of social relations
