ethical considerations Flashcards
what must be followed when carrying out research?
the relevant polices, procedures and legislation and also talking in a sensitive room.
how does following legisation help researchers get reliable data.
following ethics helps us protect peoples safety, if participants know they can trust the research to keep their info private then they are more likely to given honest answers.
what must be maintained through out a research project?
anonymity
what can be used instead of anonymity?
pseudonyms
why do researchers use fake names for the participants?
to make sure that the information is not traceable back to the participant - so you should not be able to work out anything about the individual.
which type of primary research is already anonymous?
questionnaires
which type of primary research must an individual use a fake name?
case studies
what is confidentiality?
what is also important that researchers follow?
making sure that information is kept in a safe (such as name, age, gender, address, answer to questions and beliefs and region)
ONLY ASK THE PARTICIPANT THESE THINGS IF IT IS RELAVANT .
why is it important that participants understand that researchers will follow confidentiality?
participants will give most honest answers if they know what their identify is not going to be exposed.
plus less people might volunteer due to a fear of breach of confidentiality.
what is consent?
it is the permission for something to be done or to happen.
who may give consent?
manages/head teachers.
parents
carers
what is consent linked to?
consent, as researchers must make sure that they are gaining permission to collect, hold and use the information of the participant
what must happen with the withdrawal of consent?
you must respect their wishes, and remove their wishes from the research. and re collect data from somewhere else.
what can be difficult for researchers if participants wish to be removed from the study?
if the research has been done without collecting data such as a name then they will need to fully start the research again to make sure that it has been done correctly. however putting reference numbers for people can make this easier to find individuals responses.
what is meant by keeping participances informed and why?
making sure that all of the participants involved must be updated with the progress of the research.
why: so research like case studies can take up to year to be completed.
how can participants be updated?
- info sheet where some results might have been analysed.
- sessions could be held to update participants regularly
- letters
what is misuse of statistics ?
it is when statistics are not used in the manner that a person set out to use them
what can a misuse of statistics look like?
might be used to persuade, influence or sell something or an idea.
misuse can also get results from mistakes of analyses that results in poor decisions being made and failed strategies
what might happen from the misuse of statistics if it over complicated?
if data is presented in a complicated way leading to a possible misinterpretation so people may ignore it.
people might not also understand the data if it has been laid out in a complicated way
data protection act 1998/GDPR 2018:
what must researchers make sure they are doing?
- fairly and lawfully processed
- only using data if it is relevant and not excessive
- you must not keep information for longer
- all data has to be kept secure (locked/password protected).
human rights act 1998: what are the 2 acticles?
article 8 and article 6
human rights act 1998: what is article 8?
you cannot publish untruthful data (slander)
human rights act 1998: what is article 6?
if you publish something unlawfully you have the right to take that person to court
Nuremberg code: what are the 2 elements that researchers must follow?
- voluntary human consent is essential
- experiments must only be done if they are beneficial to the whole society
what do all research proposals need to be agreed by?
give an example as well.
an appropriate ethics committee
EG: NSPCC
