ETC

Question 1

What is Oxidation?

Answer 1

LEO: Loss of electrons = Oxidation
GER: Gain of electrions = Reduction

Question 2

Mitochondria

Answer 2

are made up of two membranes. Outer is permeable to most ions and small molecules. 50% protein 50% lipids. Inner membrane is impermeable except to H, Na, K, ATP, ADP, pyruvate, and a few others. Rich in protein 80%. Cristae helps increase surface area.

Question 3

ETC

Answer 3

Also the respiratory chain. Receives an electron from a donor which then donates to the next carrier. Combines with oxygen and protons to form water. This uses the most oxygen. Electrochemical gradient made here.

Question 4

Matrix

Answer 4

Gel like solution in mitochondria, made of 50% protein Molecules are enzymes for oxidation of pyruvate, AA, Fatty acids, and for TCA. Sight of synthesis of glucose, urea, and heme. Contains NAD & FAD, ADP and Pi, RNA & DNA, and ribosomes

Question 5

Intermembrane Space Enzymes

Answer 5

Adenylate Kinase: AMP –> ADP

Question 6

Inner Membrane Enzymes

Answer 6

Succinate Dehydrogenase, F-ATPAse, Cytochrome b, c1, c, a, a3

Question 7

Matrix Enzymes

Answer 7

Pyruvate Dehydrogenase, Citrate Synthase, Isocitrate Dehydrogenase, Aconitase, Fumarase, Succinyl-coA synthetase, malate dehydrogenase, fatty acid B-oxidation system, glutamate dehydrogenase, glutamate-oxaloacetate, ornithine transcarbomoylase

Question 8

Monocarboxylate

Answer 8

Pyruvate in the Cytosol for OH- in Mitochondria

Question 9

Dicarboxylate

Answer 9

Phosphate in Cytosol for Malate in Mitochondria

Question 10

Tricarboxylate

Answer 10

Malate in Cytosol for Citrate in Mitochondria

Question 11

Phosphate

Answer 11

Phosphate in Cytosol OH- in Mitochondria

Question 12

Adenine Nucleotide

Answer 12

ADP in Cytosol ATP in Mitochondria

Question 13

Aspartate-Glutamate

Answer 13

Glutamate in Cytosol Aspartate in Mitochondria

Question 14

Malate-a-ketogluterate

Answer 14

Malate in Cytosol a-Ketogluterate in Mitochondria

Question 15

Atractyloside

Answer 15

Inhibits adenine nucleotide transpoter

Question 16

Mersalyl

Answer 16

Inhibits phosphate transporter

Question 17

Complex 1

Answer 17

NADH Dehydrogenase. Helps to pass electrons from NADH to CoQ. Largest protein component of inner mitochondrial membrane. Contains one Flavin Mononucleotide and 6-7 Fe-S.

Question 18

CoQ

Answer 18

ubiquinone, because it is ubiquitous in biologic systems It is able to accept hydrogen atoms from FMNH2 and FADH2 There are 4 H+ pumped to increase electronegativity gradiant

Question 19

Complex 2

Answer 19

Passes electrons from succinate to CoQ. Utilizes FAD and one cytochrome b560, 4Fe-4S clusters, 2Fe-2S clusters There is no proton pumping here because Complex 2 is practically next to CoQ

Question 20

Amytal Rotenane

Answer 20

inhibits FeS in Complex 1 from transfering electrons to CoQ

Question 21

Complex 3

Answer 21

Passes electrons from reduced (GER) CoQ to cytochrome C1. This contains 2 b-cytochromes and 1 cytochrome c1 and 2Fe-2S clusters . Cytochrome C is a movile carrier

Question 22

Antimycin A Antibiotic

Answer 22

inhibits on the transfer of electrons from Cytochrome C1 to Cytochome C.

Question 23

Cytochrome C

Answer 23

peripheral membrane protein that is loosely bound to the outer surface of the inner membrane. It shuttles electrons between complex 3 and 4. Binds to cytochrome C1 and cytochrome C oxidase

Question 24

Cytochrome a/a3

Answer 24

only electron carrier in which the heme iron has a free ligand that can react directly with oxygen. Transported electrons, oxygen and free protons are brought together to form water.