ETC Flashcards
What is Oxidation?
LEO: Loss of electrons = Oxidation
GER: Gain of electrions = Reduction
Mitochondria
are made up of two membranes. Outer is permeable to most ions and small molecules. 50% protein 50% lipids. Inner membrane is impermeable except to H, Na, K, ATP, ADP, pyruvate, and a few others. Rich in protein 80%. Cristae helps increase surface area.
ETC
Also the respiratory chain. Receives an electron from a donor which then donates to the next carrier. Combines with oxygen and protons to form water. This uses the most oxygen. Electrochemical gradient made here.
Matrix
Gel like solution in mitochondria, made of 50% protein Molecules are enzymes for oxidation of pyruvate, AA, Fatty acids, and for TCA. Sight of synthesis of glucose, urea, and heme. Contains NAD & FAD, ADP and Pi, RNA & DNA, and ribosomes
Intermembrane Space Enzymes
Adenylate Kinase: AMP –> ADP
Inner Membrane Enzymes
Succinate Dehydrogenase, F-ATPAse, Cytochrome b, c1, c, a, a3
Matrix Enzymes
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase, Citrate Synthase, Isocitrate Dehydrogenase, Aconitase, Fumarase, Succinyl-coA synthetase, malate dehydrogenase, fatty acid B-oxidation system, glutamate dehydrogenase, glutamate-oxaloacetate, ornithine transcarbomoylase
Monocarboxylate
Pyruvate in the Cytosol for OH- in Mitochondria
Dicarboxylate
Phosphate in Cytosol for Malate in Mitochondria
Tricarboxylate
Malate in Cytosol for Citrate in Mitochondria
Phosphate
Phosphate in Cytosol OH- in Mitochondria
Adenine Nucleotide
ADP in Cytosol ATP in Mitochondria
Aspartate-Glutamate
Glutamate in Cytosol Aspartate in Mitochondria
Malate-a-ketogluterate
Malate in Cytosol a-Ketogluterate in Mitochondria
Atractyloside
Inhibits adenine nucleotide transpoter
Mersalyl
Inhibits phosphate transporter
Complex 1
NADH Dehydrogenase. Helps to pass electrons from NADH to CoQ. Largest protein component of inner mitochondrial membrane. Contains one Flavin Mononucleotide and 6-7 Fe-S.
CoQ
ubiquinone, because it is ubiquitous in biologic systems It is able to accept hydrogen atoms from FMNH2 and FADH2 There are 4 H+ pumped to increase electronegativity gradiant
Complex 2
Passes electrons from succinate to CoQ. Utilizes FAD and one cytochrome b560, 4Fe-4S clusters, 2Fe-2S clusters There is no proton pumping here because Complex 2 is practically next to CoQ
Amytal Rotenane
inhibits FeS in Complex 1 from transfering electrons to CoQ
Complex 3
Passes electrons from reduced (GER) CoQ to cytochrome C1. This contains 2 b-cytochromes and 1 cytochrome c1 and 2Fe-2S clusters . Cytochrome C is a movile carrier
Antimycin A Antibiotic
inhibits on the transfer of electrons from Cytochrome C1 to Cytochome C.
Cytochrome C
peripheral membrane protein that is loosely bound to the outer surface of the inner membrane. It shuttles electrons between complex 3 and 4. Binds to cytochrome C1 and cytochrome C oxidase
Cytochrome a/a3
only electron carrier in which the heme iron has a free ligand that can react directly with oxygen. Transported electrons, oxygen and free protons are brought together to form water.
