Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biochemistry > Carbohydrates > Flashcards

Carbohydrates Flashcards

1
Q

Carbs

A

Most abundant organic molecule in nature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Function of Carbs

A

Energy, Cell membrane components for intercellular communication, and bacterial cell walls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

6-C Structures prefer…

A

to be in an aromatic shape C6H1206

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Carbs most common configuration in body…

A

D configuration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Racemases

A

enzymes that conver simple sugars between the L and D forms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Monosaccharides

A

Glyceraldehyde –> Arabinose –>Glucose & Mannose
Glyceraldehyde –> Lyxose –> Galactose
Dihydroxyacetone –> Ribulose –> Fructose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Isomers

A

Compounds with the same chemical formula

EX: Glucose, Fructose, Galactose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Epimers

A

Monosaccharide differ around a specific C.
EX: Galactose and glucose around C4
Mannose and Glucose around C2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Enantiomers

A

Non-super imposable mirror images. They are chiral.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Anomers

A

Cyclization creates an anomeric C. This creates an alpha and beta configuration. They can spontaneously switch forms which is called mutarotation. They help maintain the equilibrium in the body.
EX: alpha-D-glucopyranose: synthesizes glycogen
beta-D-glucopyranose: synthesizes cellulose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Glycosidic Bonds

A

Link monosaccharides. C1 Galactose, C4 Glucose

a config = a bond, B config = b bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Glycosyltransferase

A

enzyme that forms Glycosidic Bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Lactose bond type

A

galactosyl- B (1-4) glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Asparagine & Sugar bond type

A

N-glycosidic bond (due to NH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Serine & Sugar bond type

A

O-glycosidic bond (due to OH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Disaccharide

A

2 Monosaccharides

17
Q

Oligosaccharide

A

3-12 Monosaccharides

18
Q

Polysaccharide

A

12 or more Monosaccharides

19
Q

Sucrose

A

Glucose and Fructose.
1a-2B bond
Broken down by Sucrase.

20
Q

Lactose

A

Galactose and Glucose.
1B-4 bond
Broken down by Lactase.

21
Q

Maltose

A

Glucose and Glucose
1a-4 bond.
Broken down by Maltase.

22
Q

Cellobiose

A

Glucose and Glucose

1B-4 bond.

23
Q

a-amylase

A

Breaks down Starches

24
Q

Hydrolysis

A

Glycosidase and H2O help to add OH on to seperate.

25
Q

Starch Breakdown

A
  • -> isomaltose (isomaltase or a-dextrinase) –> Glucose

- -> imaltose &imaltotriose (maltase) –> Glucose

26
Q

Mouth Digestion

A

salivary a-amylase breaks starch into a-dextrins

27
Q

Stomach Digestion

A

low pH stops salivary amylase - NO CARB DIGESTION

28
Q

Small Intestine Digestion

A

Acid neutralized by bicarbonate secreted by pancrease. Pancreatic a-amylase continues. Final, enzymes synthesized by intestinal mucosal cells.
Glucose, Galactose, & Fructose–>liver via portal circulation.
Tri & oligosaccharides broken down in SI.

29
Q

Lactase Deficiency

A

in the large intestine, lactose is broken down by bacteria into 2C metabolites, 3C metabolites and CO2

30
Q

Portal Circulation

A

Small Intestine lactose uses B-galactosidase to go to galactose & glucose

31
Q

Glycosaminoglycans (GAG)

A

Long unbranched repeating disaccharide units.

Compose: Catilage, Tendons, Skin, Blood vessels, Collagen, & Elastin.

32
Q

Hyaluronate

A

Makes up the Synovial Fluid and Hyaluronic Acid

33
Q

Chondriotin-4-sulfate & Chondroitin-6-sulfate

A

Makes up tendons and Ligaments

34
Q

Dermatan sulfate & Keratan sulfate & Heparin

A

Makes up Connective Tissue

35
Q

Proteoglycans

A

Found in the cartilage, they are the core protein that linear GAG chains covalently attach to. (Bottle Brush form)
Common GAG: chondroitin sulfate & keratan sulfate

36
Q

Glycopoteins

A

Proteins attached to oligosaccharides covalently.
Branches instead of linear. Attaches to amino acids.
Used in Cell phenomena: surface antigenicity, surface recognition & mucins in GI tract & urogenital tract.

Biochemistry (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions