Amino Acids

Question 1

Non-polar Amino Acids

Answer 1

Glycine, Alanine, Valine, Leucine, Isoleucine, Methionine, Proline, Phenylalaine, Tryptophan. They are nonpolar based on the side chain attached. No ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds, or give off protons. Hydrophobic interactions

Question 2

Glycine

Answer 2

Gly: Nonpolar. Found in the makeup of collagen. Helps with DNA and RNA construction. Seen in chronic fatigue syndrome treatment.

Question 3

Alanine

Answer 3

Ala: Assists with metabolism of glucose. High levels = Mono or CFS

Question 4

Valine

Answer 4

Val: cause of sickle cell disease (polar glutamate replaced with nonpolar valine), BCA, Body muscle energy

Question 5

Leucine

Answer 5

Leu: BCA, body muscle energy.

Question 6

Isoleucine

Answer 6

Ile: BCA, body muscle energy

Question 7

Methionine

Answer 7

Met: precursor SAMe, may help with depression, and arthritis

Question 8

Proline

Answer 8

Pro: Ring structure = Secondary amino group, found in collagen (gives it elasticity due to kink), Interrupts alpha helix in globular proteins

Question 9

Phenylalanine

Answer 9

Phe: Can delay development, Phe converts to tryosine normally. Lack of phenylalainine hydroxylase? Phenylketonuria (PKU) which is a genetic disease

Question 10

Tryptophan

Answer 10

Trp: largest molecule, precursor for serotonin

Question 11

Uncharged Polar Amino Acids

Answer 11

Serine, Threonine, Asparagine, Glutamine, Tyrosine, Cysteine. All can participate in hydrogen bond formation. Zero net charge in neutral pH.

Question 12

Serine

Answer 12

Ser: Attachment site for phasphate groups and oligosaccharide chains in glycoproteins.

Question 13

Threonine

Answer 13

Thr: Attachment site for phasphate groups and oligosaccharide chains in glycoproteins.

Question 14

Asparagine

Answer 14

Asn: Common in kids. During early development specifically muscle and tissue development. This can also be found in pregnant women.

Question 15

Glutamine

Answer 15

Gln: assist in protein synthesis. Feed enterocytes in gut.

Question 16

Tyrosine

Answer 16

Tyr: Neurotransmitter, precursor to epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine. Assits with thyroid hormones

Question 17

Cysteine

Answer 17

Cys: N-acetylcystein is a drug called Mucomyst, Disulfide bond here is the active site for many enzymes. Albumin (the blood plasma protein) stabilized by the disulfide bond

Question 18

Charged Polar Amino Acids

Answer 18

Negative: steals proton. Positive: Donates proton. Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Histadine, Lysine, Arginine

Question 19

Aspartic Acid

Answer 19

Asp: When a proton is donated it becomes aspartate

Question 20

Glutamic Acid

Answer 20

Glu: When a proton is donated it becomes glutamate

Question 21

Histidine

Answer 21

His: Precorsor for the neurotransmitter histamine

Question 22

Lysine

Answer 22

Lys: precursor for Carnitine, which transport of long chain fatty acids to mitochondria for energy

Question 23

Arginine

Answer 23

Arg: Precursor for creatine, which is used by pulling water into the muscle. Body building.

Question 24

Essential Amino Acids

Answer 24

PVT TIM HALL
Phenylalanine, Valine, Threonine
Tryptophan, Isoleucine, Methionine
Histidine, Arginine, Leucine, Lysine

Question 25

Nonessentials

Answer 25

Alanine, Asparagine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic acid, Glutamine, Glycine, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine

Question 26

Anabolic

Answer 26

Consumes heat

Question 27

Catabolic

Answer 27

Release Heat

Question 28

Active Chiral Form

Answer 28

L arrangement

Question 29

Inactive Chiral Form

Answer 29

D arrangement