Essential oils, Isoprene and Terpenis

Question 1

Terpenes are

Answer 1

A group of compounds which are present in most essential oils.
They are unsaturated compounds formed by joining together a number of molecules of isoprene

Question 2

Isoprene

Answer 2

Basic unit that all terpenes are made from

Question 3

Isoprene systematic name

Answer 3

2-methylbuta-1,3-diene

Question 4

Isoprene molecular formula

Answer 4

C5H8

Question 5

Isoprene structural formula

Answer 5

H2C=C—C=CH2
I I
CH3 H

Question 6

The C=C bonds allow the molecules to undergo

Answer 6

Addition reactions with other isoprenes

Question 7

Essential oils

Answer 7

Essential oils are the concentrated extracts of volatile, non water soluble aroma compounds from plants.

Question 8

Essential oils uses

Answer 8

Perfumes, cosmetic products and cleaning products

Question 9

Essential oils key components

Answer 9

Terpenes

Question 10

What functional groups can be found in essential oils

Answer 10

Esters, aldehydes, ketones and alcohols

Question 11

Properties of essential oils

Answer 11

Insoluble in water since they are non polar molecule or virtually insoluble.
Volatile (evaporates easily) - weak LDFs between molecules

Question 12

When asked to draw extraction of essential oils draw

Answer 12

Water heated in a test tube to from steam, in the same test tube have glass wool with the plant material over the top, draw stopper with delivery tube over top, this tube will go to a flask with water inside it, on the delivery tube draw tissue soaked in water - condensing agent

Question 13

How many carbons are in a single isoprene

Answer 13

5

Question 14

How to work out number of isoprenes in a terpene

Answer 14

Number of carbons in terpene/5

Question 15

How to draw isoprene molecules bonded together

Answer 15

Molecules will join at site of double bond

Question 16

How can terpenes aromas be produced

Answer 16

They can be oxidised within plants