Alcohols, Oxidation, Reduction and Carbonyls

Question 1

Properties of alcohols

Answer 1

Volatile liquid (evaporates quickly in room temperature), colourless, flammable, burns readily in blue air.

Question 2

Uses of alcohols

Answer 2

Biofuel, solvents and sanitisers

Question 3

Primary alcohol

Answer 3

The carbon, the hydroxyl group is bonded to is bonded to one other carbon.

Question 4

Secondary alcohol

Answer 4

The carbon, the hydroxyl group is bonded to is bonded to two other carbons.

Question 5

Tertiary alcohol

Answer 5

The carbon, the hydroxyl group is bonded to is bonded to three other carbons.

Question 6

Oxidation of alcohols

Answer 6

When the oxygen to hydrogen radio increases by removing hydrogen from the molecule or adding oxygen to it.

Question 7

Reduction of alcohols

Answer 7

When the oxygen to hydrogen radio decreases by the removal of an oxygen from the molecule or adding of hydrogens to it.

Question 8

Oxidation agents

Answer 8

Copper (II) oxide

Acidified dichromate

Question 9

Acidified dichromate reaction

Answer 9

If the alcohol is primary or secondary the acidified dichromate solution will turn from orange to green (aDOG), if it is a tertiary alcohol there will be no colour change observed.

Question 10

Product of first oxidation of primary alcohol

Answer 10

An aldehyde is produced named an alkanal

Question 11

Product of first oxidation of secondary alcohol

Answer 11

A ketone is produce named an alkanone

Question 12

Product of second oxidation of primary alcohols

Answer 12

Carboxylic acid

Question 13

Functional group of oxidised alcohol

Answer 13

Carbonyl group C=O

Question 14

Can an aldehyde be oxidised?

Answer 14

Yes

Question 15

Can a ketone be oxidised?

Answer 15

No

Question 16

Naming aldehydes

Answer 16

Will be normal but end with butanal for example.

No need to indicate position of functional group since it’ll always be on carbon 1

Question 17

Naming ketones

Answer 17

Ends with xanone or xan-2-one

Will be butanone and propanone as if it’s a ketone can only be on those carbons

Question 18

Example of complex ketone

Answer 18

Testosterone

Question 19

How to identify ketones and aldehydes

Answer 19

An aldehyde will turn acidified dichromate from orange to green, for a ketone it will stay the same orange - there will be no change.
An aldehyde will turn Fehlings solution blue to orange and for ketones no change will be observed.
An aldehyde will turns Tolles solution from clear to silver mirror and for ketone there will be no change

Question 20

Aldehyde functional group structure and name

Answer 20

-C=0 named carbonyl group
I
H

Question 21

Ketone functional group

Answer 21

O named carbonyl group
II
-C-

Question 22

Why can an aldehyde be oxidised but ketone cannot?

Answer 22

On an aldehyde there is room for an additional oxygen to be added on the carbon double bonded to the oxygen, however on a ketone there is no room for alcohol to be added to the carbon double bonded to the oxygen

Question 23

Determining naming of ketone and aldehyde

Answer 23

KetONE - alkanONE

ALdehyde - alkanAL