essays Flashcards
1
Q
- official measures in case of animals diseased with anthrax
A
- official surveillance must be initiated
- animals separated into three groups:
- diseased and suspected of being diseased
- suspected of being infected
- other susceptible animals
- animals deemed diseased and suspected of being diseased:
- immediate obligatory treatment
- change of feedstuffs, drinking water, no grazing
2
Q
- Rules for taking samples in case of FMD suspicion
A
- samples of:
- 1g of tissue from epithelium of unruptured or recently ruptured vesicle
- epithelium samples should be placed in a transport medium which maintains a PH of 7.2-7.4
- samples should be kept at 4˚C
- when vesicle sampling is not possible, saliva, blood and/ or oesophageal-pharyngeal fluid samples may be taken in probag cup
- samples must be transported to authorised laboratories
3
Q
- Use of vaccination in case of confirmation of FMD
A
- trade in vaccinated animals is prohibited
- vaccinated animals from tested herds may be moved within the member state
- A system of traceability ensures that vaccinated animals are excluded from the community trade
- Emergency vaccinations in case of FMD:
- requires classification of herds
- animals must be clearly identified and registered
- animals must not be moved
- in the vaccination zone specific measures must be implemented with regards to movement of animals, fresh meat, milk, milk products
- clinical and serological surveillance must be undertaken for all animals
- 2 forms of vaccination protocol may be followed
- suppressive vaccination:
- immediate stamping out strategy within protection zone on clearly infected holdings
- applied to ensure minimum spread of the virus during disposal of infected animals
- preventative vaccination:
- vaccination zone is regionalised and all susceptible animals within the zone are vaccinated
- with a second surveillance zone of at least 10 km established
4
Q
- rules of recovery of FMD free status is no vaccine has been used
A
- if no vaccination has been used:
- the control and eradication measures laid down for the protection and surveillance zones have been effective and can be lifted
- at least 3 months have elapsed since the last recorded outbreak
5
Q
- definition of officially Brucellosis free bovine herd
A
- there have been no clinical signs in the last 12 months
- there has been no vaccination for the last 3 years
- any animals introduced have only come from brucellosis free herds or tested negative within the last 30 days
- All animals > 12 months have tested negative in two serological tests performed 6-12 months apart
6
Q
- definition of positive comparative intradermal tuberculin test
A
- positive bovine tuberculosis reaction is observed which is more than 4mm greater than the avian tuberculosis reaction
- clinical signs may be present
7
Q
- maintenance of IBR-virus free status in bovine herd
A
- all animals > 6 months must be tested every 12 months
- Animals for slaughter must be tested before their transport to slaughter
- in dairy herds milk must be tested every 6 months
- aborted animals must be tested 3-6 weeks after their abortion
- All animals introduced into the herd:
- must originate from IBR free herds
- or tested negative in two serological tests at an interval of 21 days
8
Q
- definition of specified risk material in bovine animals
A
- the skull (excluding the mandible but including the brain and eyes) and spinal cord of animals > 12 months)
- the vertebral column (excluding the tail vertebrae, the transverse processes of the lumbar and thoracic vertebrae and the wings of the sacrum, but including the dorsal root ganglia) and spinal cord of animals > 30 months
- the tonsils, the last 4 metres of small intestine, the caecum, and the mesentery of all animals of any age
9
Q
- definition of specified risk material in ovine and caprine animals
A
- the skull (including the eyes and brain), the tonsils, and the spinal cord of animals > 12 months or animals which the permanent incisor has erupted through the gum
- the spleen and ileum of all ages
10
Q
- official measures in case of conformation of African swine fever on holding
A
- all pigs on the holding are to be killed and their carcasses processed
- All contaminated material (meat, semen, ova) or waste must be destroyed, or treated
- cleaning and disinfection of all premises, vehicles, and equipment must be performed under official supervision
- meat of pigs slaughtered during the period between the probable introduction of the disease to the holding and the taking of official measures shall wherever possible be traced and processed under official supervision
- enforcement of restriction zones:
- A protection zone (first restricted zone) is to be set up with a radius of at least 3km for 15 days
- A surveillance zone (second restriction zone) must be set up with a radius of at least 10 km for 30 days
- these restrictions can only be lifted after serological survey
- A census of all holdings in the restricted zones is to be performed
- A ban is to be imposed on the movement and transport of pigs in the restriction zones
- products, persons, and vehicles in the restriction zones are subject to movement restrictions
- no markets or fairs permitted
- All holdings must undergo strict cleaning, disinfection, and disinsectisation
- in the case of holdings where the disease has been linked to vectors, restocking cannot take place for at least 6 years, unless:
- specific operation to eliminate the vector from the premises, places where pigs are kept or can come in contact with the vector have been carried out under official supervision
- it has been shown that the persistence of the vector no longer represents a significant risk of ASF being transmitted
11
Q
- official measures in case of confirmation of classical swine fever on holding
A
- all the pigs on the premises are to be killed and their carcasses rendered
- Any material (meat, semen, ova) or waste likely to be contaminated it to be destroyed, rendered, or processed
- cleaning and disinfection to be carried out under official supervision
- meat of pigs slaughtered during period of the probable introduction of the disease to the holding and the taking of official measures shall wherever possible be traced and processed under official supervision
- Epidemiology enquiry must be carried out
- protection zone of 3 km around the holding
- Surveillance zone of 10 km around the holding
- census of all holdings in the restricted zones
- movement restrictions of pigs inside the restricted zone
- all holdings must undergo strict cleaning and disinfection
- the removal of pigs from holdings in the restricted zone is to be subject to authorisation by veterinary authority
- measurements to continue until cleaning and disinfection carried out and all pigs on the holdings have undergone clinical and laboratory examination to detect possible CSF infection
- Post cleaning disinfection in restriction zone:
- 15 days must have elapsed before testing may occur in the protection zone
- 30 days must have elapsed before testing may occur in the surveillance zone
11
Q
- official measures in case of confirmation of classical swine fever on holding
A
- all the pigs on the premises are to be killed and their carcasses rendered
- Any material (meat, semen, ova) or waste likely to be contaminated it to be destroyed, rendered, or processed
- cleaning and disinfection to be carried out under official supervision
- meat of pigs slaughtered during period of the probable introduction of the disease to the holding and the taking of official measures shall wherever possible be traced and processed under official supervision
- Epidemiology enquiry must be carried out
- protection zone of 3 km around the holding
- Surveillance zone of 10 km around the holding
- census of all holdings in the restricted zones
- movement restrictions of pigs inside the restricted zone
- all holdings must undergo strict cleaning and disinfection
- the removal of pigs from holdings in the restricted zone is to be subject to authorisation by veterinary authority
- measurements to continue until cleaning and disinfection carried out and all pigs on the holdings have undergone clinical and laboratory examination to detect possible CSF infection
- Post cleaning disinfection in restriction zone:
- 15 days must have elapsed before testing may occur in the protection zone
- 30 days must have elapsed before testing may occur in the surveillance zone
12
Q
- official measures in case of confirmation of classical swine fever in feral pigs
A
- determination of the infected area
- official surveillance on pig holdings in the area
- official census of holdings in the area
- isolation of domestic pigs from feral pigs
- NO pig must enter or leave the holding without authorisation
- creation of written plan to eradicate disease in infected area
- collection of information:
- geographical distribution
- information campaign to increase hunter’s awareness of the measures to be taken
- provide guidance on the method of removal of feral pigs found dead or shot
13
Q
- use of vaccination in case of confirmation of classical swine fever
A
- Use of preventative vaccination is PROHIBITED in EU
- member states may submit an emergency vaccination plan to the commission for both farm and feral pigs
- MUST use marker vaccine only making it distinguishable from natural infection
14
Q
- definition of animals suspected of being contaminated with equine infectious anaemia
A
- all those animals that have been kept with diseased/ suspected of being diseased animals within 90 days prior to the confirmation of the disease
- those animals showing no clinical signs, but testing positive serologically on one occasion or testing inconclusive serologically on two occasions at an interval of 21 days
